Computer processes, systems and methods for alerting a student device when an objective is mastered according to a piecewise Gaussian distribution updated according to a Bayesian method are disclosed herein. The system can include a student device having a network interface to exchange data with a server via a communication network, and an I/O subsystem to convert electrical signals to user interpretable outputs user interface. The system can include a server that can: receive a student identification; retrieve the next learning objective; determine the difficulty level of the next objective problem set; and determine the probability of the student correctly answering the problems in the problem set. The system may also include a teacher device.

In accordance with one or more embodiments, an access point includes a first communication interface having: a first coupler configured to receive, via a first transmission medium, first guided electromagnetic waves from a first waveguide system of a distributed antenna system, wherein the first guided electromagnetic waves propagate along the first transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path; and also a first receiver configured to receive first data from the first guided electromagnetic waves. A data switch is configured to select first selected portions of the first data for transmission to at least one communication device in proximity to the access point.

An electronic device includes: a connection establishing unit and a power line communication module; wherein, the connection establishing unit is configured to establish power line connections; the power line communication module comprising: a listening unit is configured to listen to a data packet, transmitted over a power line, from the other electronic devices after the power line connections are established; and a broadcast unit is configured to broadcast data packets after the power line connections are established, and broadcast no data packet and keep silent upon detection on data packet from other electronic devices has been received in a preset time duration. With the technical solutions of the disclosure, electromagnetic conductive radiation and interference produced by the electronic device to other power consuming devices can be avoided.

Activity sensing in the home has a variety of important applications, including healthcare, entertainment, home automation, energy monitoring and post-occupancy research studies. Many existing systems for detecting occupant activity require large numbers of sensors, invasive vision systems, or extensive installation procedures. Disclosed is an approach that uses a single plug-in sensor to detect a variety of electrical events throughout the home. This sensor detects the electrical noise on residential power tines created by the abrupt switching of electrical devices and the noise created by certain devices while in operation. Machine learning techniques are used to recognize electrically noisy events such as turning on or off a particular light switch, a television set, or an electric stove. The system has been tested to evaluate system performance over time and in different types of houses. Results indicate that various electrical events can be learned and classified with accuracies ranging from 85-90%.

A non-contact voltage detector module pluggable to a mobile communication device. The non-contact voltage comprises an antenna, a connector configured for connecting to a connector of a mobile communication device, and an assembly coupled to the antenna and the connector. The assembly converts an electromagnetic field received by the antenna to an indication of a strength of the electromagnetic field and transmits the indication of the strength of the electromagnetic field via the connector.

A power amplifier with supply switching is provided. The power amplifier detects a magnitude of an outgoing broadband communication signal and determines whether the magnitude exceeds a predetermined voltage threshold. The power amplifier applies a first gain to the outgoing broadband communication signal using a first voltage supply rail when it is determined that the magnitude exceeds the predetermined voltage threshold and a second gain using a second voltage supply rail that is smaller than the first voltage supply rail when it is determined that the magnitude does not exceed the predetermined voltage threshold. The power amplifier produces an output signal from the outgoing broadband communication signal with the applied first gain or the applied second gain, wherein a current of the outgoing broadband communication signal is switched between the first voltage supply rail and the second voltage supply rail in response to the magnitude being detected.

Disclosed are a method and apparatus for implementing security of broadband bus architecture in industrial internet field. The security of the access process can be guaranteed by encrypting data transmitted between the bus terminal and the bus controller; the operation of the entire system can be prevented from threat of abnormal data by performing security detection on the acquired data; it can be easy to treat abnormal conditions of the transport rule by the bus controller by monitoring and reporting the transport rule of the data flow over the bus by a bus terminal; and the reliability of the transmission process may be improved by interleaving the to-be-sent data at the bus controller and the bus terminal; the time delay of the data transmission resulting from the addition of the interleaving processes can also be reduced to have high transmission rate.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, a device that facilitates transmitting electromagnetic waves along a surface of a transmission medium without requiring an electrical return path that facilitates delivery of electric energy to devices, and sensing a condition that is adverse to the electromagnetic waves propagating along the surface of the transmission medium. Other embodiments are disclosed.

A method is for processing a channel analog signal coming from a transmission channel. The method may include converting the channel analog signal into a channel digital signal, and detecting a state of the transmission channel based on the channel digital signal to detect whether the transmission channel is, over an interval of time, one or more of linear and time invariant and linear and cyclostationary.

A communication apparatus (100) of the present invention includes a first communication circuit (2), a second communication circuit (1), and one signal line (3). The first communication circuit (2) transmits a collector voltage of an open collector circuit as an output signal. A second communication circuit (1) receives the output signal. The one signal line (3) connects the first communication circuit (2) and the second communication circuit (1). Particularly the first communication circuit (2) transmits the output signal as a pulse signal (57) to the second communication circuit (1). The second communication circuit (1) transmits a voltage signal (56) generated in the second communication circuit (1) to the first communication circuit (2). The first communication circuit (2) and the second communication circuit (1) communicate the pulse signal (57) and the voltage signal (56) bidirectionally via the signal line (3).