A system for reflecting an RF signal comprises a plurality of antenna units (2) configured to receive and passively reflect the RF signal, and a reference antenna (6′). Each antenna unit (2) comprises a respective phase shifter (8) operable to adjustably impose a phase change on the RF signal before reflection. The system may be a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS) and the antenna units may be included in an arrangement of separate panel devices. A control system (20) is configured to operate the respective phase shifter (8) to phase align a first analog antenna signal (ASn) with a first analog reference signal (REF), which are received by the respective antenna unit (2) and the reference antenna (6′), respectively, in response to a first RF signal; determine, for the respective phase shifter (8), a first phase setting resulting in phase alignment, and store the first phase setting. The first phase settings enable the system to perform beamforming in reception and/or reflection essentially without power consumption.

A system for reflecting an RF signal comprises a plurality of antenna units (2) configured to receive and passively reflect the RF signal, and a reference antenna (6′). Each antenna unit (2) comprises a respective phase shifter (8) operable to adjustably impose a phase change on the RF signal before reflection. The system may be a Large Intelligent Surface (LIS) and the antenna units may be included in an arrangement of separate panel devices. A control system (20) is configured to operate the respective phase shifter (8) to phase align a first analog antenna signal (ASn) with a first analog reference signal (REF), which are received by the respective antenna unit (2) and the reference antenna (6′), respectively, in response to a first RF signal; determine, for the respective phase shifter (8), a first phase setting resulting in phase alignment, and store the first phase setting. The first phase settings enable the system to perform beamforming in reception and/or reflection essentially without power consumption.

Disclosed are passive reflector radio communications systems, such as for UHF frequencies or greater than UHF frequencies, and related deployment systems and devices that provide underground communications. Embodiments of the system include reflector elements to provide passive radio communications, structural frameworks to support and orient the reflector elements, methods for calculating reflector size, shape, and position corresponding to a desired wavelength, and deployment methods and devices to install the communication system at a desired location. The passive reflectors can be placed in a folded or otherwise compact mode, for transport into underground tunnels. Once at the desired installation location, the system can be installed, with the reflectors positioned appropriately for the radio frequencies used at the location. Some of the embodiments include any of vertical or horizontal foldable reflector poles, reflective sheets, reflective mesh sheets and/or ropes, inflatable reflective pucks, and rapid deployment systems and methods.

Disclosed are passive reflector radio communications systems, such as for UHF frequencies or greater than UHF frequencies, and related deployment systems and devices that provide underground communications. Embodiments of the system include reflector elements to provide passive radio communications, structural frameworks to support and orient the reflector elements, methods for calculating reflector size, shape, and position corresponding to a desired wavelength, and deployment methods and devices to install the communication system at a desired location. The passive reflectors can be placed in a folded or otherwise compact mode, for transport into underground tunnels. Once at the desired installation location, the system can be installed, with the reflectors positioned appropriately for the radio frequencies used at the location. Some of the embodiments include any of vertical or horizontal foldable reflector poles, reflective sheets, reflective mesh sheets and/or ropes, inflatable reflective pucks, and rapid deployment systems and methods.

The present invention describes a method and system for relaying telecommunication signals. The system comprises: a central hub connectable to one or more base stations; a plurality of remote units for relaying the telecommunication signals; and a plurality of expansion units digitally connected to the central hub and connectable to the plurality of remote units. At least one of the plurality of expansion units is provided with a plurality of coverage area modules, wherein one or more of the plurality of remote units is connected to a selected one of the plurality of coverage area modules, the selected one of the coverage area modules being adapted to relay the same signals to the connected one or more of the plurality of remote units.

The present invention describes a method and system for relaying telecommunication signals. The system comprises: a central hub connectable to one or more base stations; a plurality of remote units for relaying the telecommunication signals; and a plurality of expansion units digitally connected to the central hub and connectable to the plurality of remote units. At least one of the plurality of expansion units is provided with a plurality of coverage area modules, wherein one or more of the plurality of remote units is connected to a selected one of the plurality of coverage area modules, the selected one of the coverage area modules being adapted to relay the same signals to the connected one or more of the plurality of remote units.

A communication system uses multiple communications links, preferably links that use different communications media. The multiple communications links may include a high latency/high bandwidth link using a fiber-optic cable configured to carry large volumes of data but having a high latency. The communications links may also include a low latency/low bandwidth link implemented using skywave propagation of radio waves and configured to carry smaller volumes of data with a lower latency across a substantial portion of the earth's surface. The two communications links may be used together to coordinate various activities such as the buying and selling of financial instruments.

A communication system uses multiple communications links, preferably links that use different communications media. The multiple communications links may include a high latency/high bandwidth link using a fiber-optic cable configured to carry large volumes of data but having a high latency. The communications links may also include a low latency/low bandwidth link implemented using skywave propagation of radio waves and configured to carry smaller volumes of data with a lower latency across a substantial portion of the earth's surface. The two communications links may be used together to coordinate various activities such as the buying and selling of financial instruments.

A reflector device having first and second reflector plates to which a reflective surface is attached, respectively, at a prescribed angle of inclination in relation to an axis of rotation, wherein the first reflector plate (1) and the second reflector plate are positioned so as to face one another, and the first reflector plate and/or the second reflector plate are/is capable of rotating around the axis of rotation.

Disclosed are passive reflector radio communications systems, such as for UHF frequencies or greater than UHF frequencies, and related deployment systems and devices that provide underground communications. Embodiments of the system include reflector elements to provide passive radio communications, structural frameworks to support and orient the reflector elements, methods for calculating reflector size, shape, and position corresponding to a desired wavelength, and deployment methods and devices to install the communication system at a desired location. The passive reflectors can be placed in a folded or otherwise compact mode, for transport into underground tunnels. Once at the desired installation location, the system can be installed, with the reflectors positioned appropriately for the radio frequencies used at the location. Some of the embodiments include any of vertical or horizontal foldable reflector poles, reflective sheets, reflective mesh sheets and/or ropes, inflatable reflective pucks, and rapid deployment systems and methods.