A communication device includes: a first transmission-reception unit connected with a first optical line terminal; a second transmission-reception unit connected with a second optical line terminal; and a control unit, the first transmission-reception unit acquires a control signal having a destination at the second or third optical line terminal from the first optical line terminal, the control unit forwards the control signal toward the second transmission-reception unit connected with the second or third optical line terminal, and the second transmission-reception unit forwards the control signal to the second or third optical line terminal.

A communication device includes: a first transmission-reception unit connected with a first optical line terminal; a second transmission-reception unit connected with a second optical line terminal; and a control unit, the first transmission-reception unit acquires a control signal having a destination at the second or third optical line terminal from the first optical line terminal, the control unit forwards the control signal toward the second transmission-reception unit connected with the second or third optical line terminal, and the second transmission-reception unit forwards the control signal to the second or third optical line terminal.

A first network device may configure a first bridge connecting a passive optical network (PON) controller and first optical line terminals (OLTs) of the first network device. The first network device may be associated with a PON and each of the first OLTs may be connected to a first plurality of optical network units (ONUs). The first network device may establish a connection between the first bridge and a second bridge of a second network device. The second network device is associated with the PON, the second bridge may connect with second OLTs of the second network device, and each of the second OLTs may connect to a second plurality of ONUs. The PON controller of first network device may receive traffic from a PON domain manager and may provide the traffic to the first OLTs and the first plurality of ONUs via the first bridge.

Both a conventional receiver and an HDR-compatible receiver well perform electro-optical conversion processing on transmission video data obtained by using an HDR opto-electronic transfer characteristic. High dynamic range opto-electronic conversion is performed on high dynamic range video data to obtain the transmission video data. Encoding processing is performed on this transmission video data to obtain a video stream. A container of a predetermined format including this video stream is transmitted. Metadata information indicating a standard dynamic range opto-electronic transfer characteristic is inserted into a layer of the video stream, and metadata information indicating a high dynamic range opto-electronic transfer characteristic is inserted into at least one of the layer of the video stream and a layer of the container.

Provided are a power management method and apparatus of an ONU supporting a slicing function. A power management method performed by a power management apparatus of an ONU supporting a slicing function includes receiving a first message for discovering a power management attribute of an ONU including at least one slice from an optical line terminal (OLT), transmitting a second message including the power management attribute of the ONU to the OLT in response to the first message received, receiving a third message for setting up a power management parameter for each slice included in the ONU from the OLT, setting up the power management parameter for each slice included in the ONU based on the third message received, and transmitting a fourth message including a set up result of the power management parameter for each slice included in the ONU to the OLT.

A communication apparatus includes a plurality of devices, each of the devices includes a monitoring unit that monitors at least one other device and detects an error that has occurred in the other device, and if an error is detected by the monitoring unit, the device performs a device reset indicating a reset of the operating state of the other device by the monitoring unit or a power source reset indicating a reset of the supply of electric power to the communication apparatus by a chain-of-command unit included in the device.

A transmission/reception device is configured to convert an optical signal based on a plurality of first optical signals having frequency bands different from each other into an electric signal and output the electric signal as a plurality of first electric signals; receive the plurality of first electric signals, change frequency bands of some or all of a plurality of second electric signals to narrow an interval between frequency bands of two second electric signals having frequency bands adjacent to each other, and output, as third electric signals, electric signals; to receive a plurality of the third electric signals, combine and output the plurality of third electric signals as a fourth electric signal; and receive the fourth electric signal, convert the fourth electric signal into an optical signal, and output the optical signal as a second optical signal.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, determining distinct timing offsets between an input port and output ports of a multiport optical device. An optical signal is injected at an input port of the device to obtain output signals at the output ports, which are injected into downstream fibers. An optical multipath return signal is received via the input port of the device, including a combination of measured events including reflections, backscatter, or both. A number of similar events expected in the number of downstream optical fibers is calculated to obtain an expected multipath signature based on configuration data. Results of the optical multipath return signal are then compared to the expected multipath signature to obtain comparison results. One of the measured events is distinguished from the others based on the first comparison results and the distinct timing offsets. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Disclosed are apparatuses and testing methods for emulating an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) device for communicating or otherwise working with an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) device that was configured to operate with the ONT device. Such emulation may include configuring various settings of the apparatus so that the apparatus may appear to the OLT to be the ONT device. For example, the emulation may include accessing and using authentication/authorization related settings and network configuration settings of the ONT, thus permitting the apparatus to connect to a Passive Optical Network and test services and the quality of service experience without having to reconfigure the OLT.

Disclosed are apparatuses and testing methods for emulating an Optical Network Terminal (ONT) device for communicating or otherwise working with an Optical Line Terminal (OLT) device that was configured to operate with the ONT device. Such emulation may include configuring various settings of the apparatus so that the apparatus may appear to the OLT to be the ONT device. For example, the emulation may include accessing and using authentication/authorization related settings and network configuration settings of the ONT, thus permitting the apparatus to connect to a Passive Optical Network and test services and the quality of service experience without having to reconfigure the OLT.