Techniques for enforcing packet detection rules within communication systems are provided. A network entity may configure a user plane function to detect whether a domain name system request sent by a user equipment satisfies one or more packet detection rules. The network entity may receive, from a user plane function, a report that a domain name system request sent by the user equipment has been detected as non-compliant with instructions sent to the user equipment. The network entity may cause one or more corrective actions relating to traffic offloading.

Some embodiments provide a method of tracking errors in a container cluster network overlaying a software defined network (SDN), sometimes referred to as a virtual network. The method sends a request to instantiate a container cluster network object to an SDN manager of the SDN. The method then receives an identifier of a network resource of the SDN for instantiating the container cluster network object. The method associates the identified network resource with the container cluster network object. The method then receives an error message regarding the network resource from the SDN manager. The method identifies the error message as applying to the container cluster network object. The error message, in some embodiments, indicates a failure to initialize the network resource. The container cluster network object may be a namespace, a pod of containers, or a service.

A method of establishing communication links during a failure within a mobile communications network includes detecting disruptions in communications between a plurality of base stations and a plurality of mobile terminals. Survivability components are activated within the base station and the mobile terminal to operate in a survivability mode. The survivability mode enables communications and services to be provided by the surviving base stations to mobile terminals through activated survivability components. The alternate communication links may operate for as long as a disruption exists.

Aspects of the disclosure relate to routing of an emergency communication under fault conditions. Routing can be implemented in a packet-switching (PS) network that provides voice service. For a network node of the PS network, availability to route the emergency communication through a specific emergency service routing number (ESRN) can be determined and, in response to the network node being unavailable, administrative data associated with the ESRN can be accessed. In addition, an identifier associated with the administrative data can be updated (e.g., created or modified) with data indicative of the device that originated the emergency communication. The administrative data and the resulting identifier can be delivered to a second network node that can route the emergency communication to an emergency service network.

A method and apparatus reports packet data control protocol (PDCP) status and PDCP resets in a wireless communication, using control PDUs that may have security protection applied by ciphering of the control PDUs. Reliability of the PDCP status and reset messages may be assured by acknowledgment according to an acknowledged mode or to an unacknowledged mode.

The present invention relates to a method for selecting a label switched path LSP, which is applied in an MPLS network and includes: determining an energy engineering parameter of a network element itself in the network, where the network element is a network element on any candidate LSP between a source network element and a destination network element; receiving, by the network element, Interior Gateway Protocol IGP messages sent by other network elements in the network, and obtaining an energy engineering parameter of each of the other network elements; and selecting, according to the energy engineering parameter of the network element itself and the energy engineering parameter of each of the other network elements, a transmission path for the source network element and the destination network element.

Systems and methods are disclosed for providing redundancy in a network node implementing a ring protection protocol. Each of the two ring ports connecting the node to other nodes in a ring supporting the protocol may be maintained by a separate line card. Should one line card fail, traffic passing through the node may be redirected through the remaining ring port under the control of the surviving state machine. The two state machines may be coordinated over the backplane of the node to maintain a common state, making them transparent to other nodes. Additionally, the backplane link between the state machines may be monitored for failures that may be addressed with messages used to respond to general ring failures and by assigning one state machine to block a ring port upon recovery to prevent a loop within the ring until the ring protection link can be blocked.

An optical amplification apparatus includes: a light source that outputs to an optical transmission path first pump light which Raman amplifies signal light input from the optical transmission path and which is of a first wavelength band; a first detector that detects input, from the optical transmission path, of second pump light of a second wavelength band which is different from the first wavelength band; and a processor that performs safety light control on the light source in a case where the input of the second pump light is not detected.

A base station requires one or more channels in an unlicensed frequency band for a predetermined time interval and schedules one or more user equipment for uplink transmission on the one or more channels during the predetermined time interval. User equipment transmits, over a licensed frequency band, a request for resources for uplink transmission in an unlicensed frequency band. The user equipment receives scheduling information indicating a first portion of a predetermined time interval that is allocated to the first user equipment for uplink transmission on one or more channels in the unlicensed frequency band.

[Object] To reduce the frequency of the occurrence of the transmission collision of frames. [Solution] A communication device, including: a receiving unit configured to receive a frame transmitted by another terminal; a length information acquiring unit configured to acquire length information related to the frame from the received frame; and a transmission frame deciding unit configured to decide a length of a transmission frame on the basis of the acquired length information.