A data transmission method includes receiving access stratum context information, the access stratum context information indicating that different types of data packets of an advanced interactive service are transmitted in different GTP-U tunnels, and are transmitted by a same DRB. The method also includes, when a data packet transmitted by a user-plane functional entity through a GTP-U tunnel is a fragmented subpacket of a first data packet of the advanced interactive service, determining a state of transmission of the fragmented subpacket according to the access stratum context information during transmission of the fragmented subpacket to a user equipment on the DRB. The method also includes, when the transmission of the fragmented subpacket of the first data packet of the advanced interactive service to the user equipment has failed, stopping transmission of remaining fragmented subpackets of data packets associated with the first data packet to the user equipment.

Techniques for detecting a loss of a received frame are provided. The communication apparatus 101 includes a receiving unit 813 for receiving a frame including a plurality of data, a first memory 806 for temporarily storing a plurality of data, a second memory 811 for storing a transfer rule of each data, a plurality of third memories 809 to which each data is allocated, a processor 810 associated with each third memory 809, and a memory control unit 805 for controlling transfer of each data. The memory control unit 805 outputs an error when the first data is not the last data of the frame or the size of the first data is larger than the size defined by the second data in the case where the second data includes the last data flag.

Disclosed is a method for transmitting a broadcast signal. The method comprises formatting input streams with multiple data transmission channels, and the formatting step comprises adding a header indicating a format of a payload of the BBF.

A method and apparatus for code block division are provided. The method may include the following acts. A reference information block length of a code block is determined according to an obtained division related parameter. A maximum information block length is determined according to the reference information block length and a hardware parameter. A Transport Block (TB) having a length greater than the maximum information block length may be divided into two or more code blocks according to the obtained division related parameter, the hardware parameter and the determined maximum information block length. An information length after code block division is less than the determined maximum information block length.

This disclosure describes systems, methods, and devices related to enhanced protecting of block acknowledgement requests. A device may identify a protected frame received from a second device; determine, using a lower layer of a medium access control layer including the lower layer and an upper layer, that the protected frame is to be used to perform a block acknowledgement request; process, using the lower layer, the protected frame; perform, using the lower layer, a replay detection of the protected frame; update, using the lower layer, based on the protected frame, a lowest sequence number WinStartR indicative of a lowest sequence number position in a bitmap; and update, using the upper layer, a receive reordering buffer control record WinStart B.

A communication control device for a user station. The communication control device controls a communication of the user station with at least one other user station of the bus system, and generates a transmission signal for transmission onto a bus and/or receives a signal from the bus. The communication control device generates the transmission signal according to a frame in which bits having a predetermined temporal length are provided. The communication control device generates the transmission signal so that its bits may be transmitted bus as a dominant state or a recessive state, so that the recessive state is overwritable by the dominant state. The communication control device shortens in the transmission signal at least one bit, which is to be transmitted as the dominant state, by a predetermined value in comparison to a bit that is to be transmitted onto the bus as the recessive state.

Provided are a signal processing method and apparatus, a first communication node, a second communication node, and a storage medium. The signal processing method includes acquiring N first sequences, combining the N first sequences to obtain a second sequence, and generating a signal according to the second sequence. N is an integer greater than or equal to 2.

A data transmission method and apparatus, a first communication node, and a second communication node are provided. The method includes: acquiring data, wherein the data includes information of N pilots; and sending the data and the N pilots; wherein N is an integer greater than or equal to 1.

An apparatus and method for broadcast signal frame using layered division multiplexing are disclosed. An apparatus for generating broadcast signal frame according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a combiner configured to generate a multiplexed signal by combining a core layer signal and an enhanced layer signal at different power levels; a power normalizer configured to reduce the power of the multiplexed signal to a power level corresponding to the core layer signal; a time interleaver configured to generate a time-interleaved signal by performing interleaving that is applied to both the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal; and a frame builder configured to generate a broadcast signal frame including a preamble for signaling, start position information of Physical Layer Pipes (PLPs) and time interleaver information shared by the core layer signal and the enhanced layer signal.

A method and an apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals thereof are disclosed. The apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals comprises an encoder for encoding service data, a mapper for mapping the encoded service data into a plurality of OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex) symbols to build at least one signal frame, a frequency interleaver for frequency interleaving data in the at least one signal frame by using a different interleaving-seed which is used for every OFDM symbol pair comprised of two sequential OFDM symbols, a modulator for modulating the frequency interleaved data by an OFDM scheme and a transmitter for transmitting the broadcast signals having the modulated data, wherein the different interleaving-seed is generated based on a cyclic shifting value and wherein an interleaving seed is variable based on an FFT size of the modulating.