Disclosed are a neutron capture therapy apparatus and an operation method of a monitoring system thereof. The neutron capture therapy apparatus includes a neutron beam irradiation system, a measurement system and a monitoring system. The neutron beam irradiation system is used for generating a neutron beam suitable for carrying out neutron irradiation therapy on a sick body, the measurement system is used for measuring real-time irradiation parameters during a neutron beam irradiation therapy process, and the monitoring system is used for controlling the whole neutron beam irradiation process. The monitoring system includes an input section for inputting preset irradiation parameters, a storage section for storing the irradiation parameters, a modification section for modifying some of the irradiation parameters in the storage section, and a display section for displaying the irradiation parameters in real time.

Conventional single fraction 20-Gy broadbeam photonbeam or protonbeam chemo-radiosurgery does not sterilize EMT-MET cancer stem cell radiodurans but single fraction 100 to 10,000 Gy microbeam radiosurgery sterilizes them. Device and methods for microbeam chemo-radiosurgery including 250 MeV wakefield electronbeam is disclosed.

Surgery, chemotherapy and broadbeam and microbeam radiosurgery releases billions of abscopal metastasis causing, tumor specific plasma soluble proteins, cell membranes, apoptotic bodies, DNA and RNAs, exosomes like telomere-telomerase, ATM-ATM kinase and others. They and adaptive resistance to chemo-radiosurgery, paraneoplastic and non-paraneoplastic diseases causing immune complexes are removed by pulse flow combined continuous flow ultracentrifugation apheresis and immune affinity chromatography. Chemotherapy and high dose radiation exposed tumor cells and their exosomes are made sensitive to telomerase inhibiting and apoptosis inducing and least toxic epigallocatechin and to heparin bound receptors. They convert triple negative breast tumors into receptor positive tumors which open new avenues for treating most aggressive breast cancers.

A radiotherapy apparatus is disclosed, with a linear accelerator for producing a beam of electrons, a target aligned with the electron beam, the target being capable of producing photons when electrons are incident thereon, and a material which is capable of producing neutrons when photons of sufficient energy are incident thereon. A neutron detector capable of providing a signal to a controller of the linear accelerator is provided, the controller being capable of varying the energy of the electrons of the electron beam.

Embodiments that are directed to a target for producing a high epithermal neutron yield for boron-neutron capture therapy (BNCT) treatments are disclosed. The target includes a thin flat film of solid lithium mounted onto a heat-removal support structure that is cooled with a liquid coolant and configured to maintain the turbulent flow regime for a liquid coolant and distribute the flow of coolant directed at the center of the support structure toward a periphery of the support structure via a plurality of channels formed in the support structure. The support structure includes a nozzle located at its center to direct coolant flow outwardly from the center to avoid stagnant water flow at the center of the support structure. Systems, device, and methods utilizing the approaches are also described.

A thermal neutron detecting device comprises a scintillator unit, and an optical sensor array unit. The scintillator unit includes a scintillator layer and a nuclear capture reaction layer. The scintillator layer emits light upon receiving incident gamma ray or charged particles. The nuclear capture reaction layer is laminated on a side of the scintillator layer on which the gamma ray or the charged particles are incident, and includes first cell regions and second cell regions two-dimensionally, dispersedly arranged along an incidence plane of the gamma ray or the charged particles. The first cell regions contain a .sup.6Li compound as a nuclear capture reaction material that yields nuclear capture reaction with incident thermal neutrons to generate the charged particles. The second cell regions contain no nuclear capture reaction material. The optical sensor array unit is capable of detectable of a quantity of the emitted light in association with each of the first and second cell regions.

Disclosed are a neutron dose detection apparatus and a neutron capture therapy device. The neutron dose detection apparatus includes at least two counting rate channels and a counting rate channel selection unit used for selecting one of the at least one counting rate channels. The counting rate channel includes a detector used for detecting neutrons and outputting a signal, a signal processing unit used for processing the signal output by the detector, and a counter used for counting the signal output by the signal processing unit.

A process for treating highly localized carcinoma cells that provides precise positioning of a therapeutic source of highly ionizing but weakly penetrating radiation, which can be shaped so that it irradiates essentially only the volume of the tumor. The intensity and duration of the radiation produced by the source can be activated and deactivated by controlling the neutron flux generated by an array of electrically controlled neutron generators positioned outside the body being treated. The energy of the neutrons that interact with the source element can be adjusted to optimize the reaction rate of the ionized radiation production by utilizing neutron moderating material between the neutron generator array and the body. The source device may be left in place and reactivated as needed to ensure the tumor is eradicated without exposing the patient to any additional radiation between treatments. The source device may be removed once treatment is completed.

An apparatus comprising a radiation source, coincident positron emission detectors configured to detect coincident positron annihilation emissions originating within a coordinate system, and a controller coupled to the radiation source and the coincident positron emission detectors, the controller configured to identify coincident positron annihilation emission paths intersecting one or more volumes in the coordinate system and align the radiation source along an identified coincident positron annihilation emission path.

Disclosed is a filter including a second layer disposed between a first layer and a third layer. The first layer is composed of iron. The second layer is composed of 1 part by volume of lithium fluoride, 20 to 50 parts by volume of aluminum, and 50 to 80 parts by volume of aluminum fluoride. The third layer is composed of 1 part by weight of lithium fluoride and 99 to 100 parts by weight of magnesium fluoride.

A MgF.sub.2—CaF.sub.2 binary system sintered body for a radiation moderator having a compact polycrystalline structure excellent in radiation moderation performance, especially neutron moderation performance, comprises MgF.sub.2 containing CaF.sub.2 from 0.2% by weight to 90% by weight inclusive, having a bulk density of 2.96 g/cm.sup.3 or more, and a bending strength of 15 MPa or more and a Vickers hardness of 90 or more as regards mechanical strengths.