A software defined network (SDN) system, controller, and controlling method, where the SDN system includes at least one N.sup.th level controller and at least two (N+1).sup.th level controllers belonging to the N.sup.th level controller, where the (N+1).sup.th level controller is configured to receive a first message sent by a node belonging to the (N+1).sup.th level controller, and when the first message is a cross-domain message according to status information of each node that is managed by the (N+1).sup.th level controller, forward the first message to the N.sup.th level controller to which the (N+1).sup.th level controller belongs, and the N.sup.th level controller receives the first message, and perform decision processing according to status information of the (N+1).sup.th level controller that is managed by and belongs to the N.sup.th level controller and status information of boundary nodes of the (N+1).sup.th level controller belonging to the N.sup.th level controller.

A method is implemented by a network device to reduce bandwidth and compute resources needed by the controller of a software defined networking (SDN) controller by distributing monitoring of virtual network functions (VNFs) to data plane nodes (DPNs) in a SDN network. The method includes receiving a monitoring request from the SDN controller to monitor a VNF, receiving a byte sequence from the SDN controller for the VNF, and generating flow table entries for monitoring the VNF by matching the byte sequence with monitoring response messages from the VNF.

A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium are described in which an application management service is provided. The service may provide a coordination between network or platform level application management functions and application level application management functions that enables the management of an application service. The network or platform level application management functions may include autoscaling, load balancing, and ingress resource management. The application level application management functions may include throttling and circuit breaker functions.

A symmetric multiprocessor includes with a hierarchical ring-based interconnection network is disclosed. The symmetric processor includes a plurality of buses comprised on the symmetric multiprocessor, wherein each of the buses are configured in a circular topology. The symmetric multiprocessor also includes a plurality of multi-processing nodes interconnected by the buses to make a hierarchical ring-based interconnection network for conveying commands between the multi-processing nodes. The interconnection network includes a command network configured to transport commands based on command tokens, wherein the tokens dictate a destination of the command, a partial response network configured to transport partial responses generated by the multi-processing nodes, and a combined response network configured to combine the partial responses generated by the multi-processing nodes using combined response tokens.

A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium are described in which an application management service is provided. The service may provide a coordination between network or platform level application management functions and application level application management functions that enables the management of an application service. The network or platform level application management functions may include autoscaling, load balancing, and ingress resource management. The application level application management functions may include throttling and circuit breaker functions.

A symmetric multiprocessor includes with a hierarchical ring-based interconnection network is disclosed. The symmetric processor includes a plurality of buses comprised on the symmetric multiprocessor, wherein each of the buses are configured in a circular topology. The symmetric multiprocessor also includes a plurality of multi-processing nodes interconnected by the buses to make a hierarchical ring-based interconnection network for conveying commands between the multi-processing nodes. The interconnection network includes a command network configured to transport commands based on command tokens, wherein the tokens dictate a destination of the command, a partial response network configured to transport partial responses generated by the multi-processing nodes, and a combined response network configured to combine the partial responses generated by the multi-processing nodes using combined response tokens.

This disclosure relates to decentralized computing networks, architectures and techniques for collecting, analyzing, and processing data over multiple channels. A decentralized computing network comprises a plurality of computing nodes, each of which is dedicated to analyzing and processing events for a particular channel corresponding to a geographic region. Each node of the decentralized computing network can operate independently to process channel analysis data for a corresponding channel. The decentralized configuration of the nodes enables efficient processing of data collected over large geographic areas, increases the reliability of the system, and facilitates easy scaling of the system. Other embodiments are disclosed herein as well.

There is provided a method for network management. Transmission of a request for performance of a management task on the network is initiated towards a second entity (20), which is configured to manage network slices of the network. The request comprises information identifying a first network slice (40) of the network and a first programming construct executable to cause the second entity (20) to identify one or more second network slices of the network that are supporting the first network slice (40) and/or one or more first network nodes (60) of the network supporting the first network slice (40). The request comprises a second programming construct executable to cause the second entity (20) to select the first network slice (40), one or more identified second network slices, and/or one or more identified first network nodes (60), on which to perform the management task.

There is provided a method for network management. Transmission of a request for performance of a management task on the network is initiated towards a second entity (20), which is configured to manage network slices of the network. The request comprises information identifying a first network slice (40) of the network and a first programming construct executable to cause the second entity (20) to identify one or more second network slices of the network that are supporting the first network slice (40) and/or one or more first network nodes (60) of the network supporting the first network slice (40). The request comprises a second programming construct executable to cause the second entity (20) to select the first network slice (40), one or more identified second network slices, and/or one or more identified first network nodes (60), on which to perform the management task.

Methods and systems are disclosed for communicating in a wireless communications system utilizing a plurality of frequency bands for downlink (DL) transmission and a plurality of frequency bands for uplink (UL) transmission. In an embodiment, a mobile device receives a DL signal via a DL frequency band. The DL signal contains DL-UL frequency band association information which is used to determine a UL frequency band for UL transmission. The mobile device configures its radio-frequency (RF) circuitry to operate in the UL frequency band for UL transmission.