Initializing a graph for providing proof of space includes generating an initial graph at a device. The initial graph is acyclic. Content of a first node in the initial graph is generated based at least in part on (1) a predecessor node that is a predecessor of the first node and (2) on a godparent node. A position of the godparent node is based at least in part on content of the predecessor node. It further includes storing at least a portion of the initial graph on the device.

A system, method and apparatus for augmenting a building control system domain. A sensor network platform can be configured to collect data based on measurements from sensors outside of a legacy building control system domain, and to present information based on the collected data to a known interface supported by the legacy building control system. In one embodiment, the collected data can undergo customized processing by an operation center outside of the legacy building control system domain.

A computer-implemented method of executing a query in a network of data centres, the method comprising a preparation stage and an execution stage; wherein the preparation stage includes: each data centre providing information relating to data centre parameters and/or proximity, allowing arrangement of the data centres in a dynamic hierarchical cluster topology of a parent data centre and child data centres, each child data centre having its own local data sequence which is to be processed by individual analysis tasks of the query, the child data centres together forming a cluster of similar and/or proximate data centres, the cluster having a single parent data centre; and the execution stage includes: the parent data centre sending the tasks to the child data centres and the child data centres sending to the parent data centre a sequence of outcomes derived from the local data sequence and the tasks; wherein both a child data centre and its parent data centre cache executed tasks executed by the child and the sequence of outcomes of the tasks executed by the child data centre.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable storage devices for reducing the amount of management ports (and associated cabling) for a top-of-rack server environment. Whereas other server management configurations have cabling connecting each node in multiple multi-node chassis in a server rack to a top-of-rack, systems configured as described herein designate a single node as a point of communication for the multi-node chassis. The designated node forwards communications for all nodes in the chassis to a chassis management controller, which acts as a distribution point for all communications within the multi-node chassis, with the benefit of only a single connection being required between the multi-node chassis and the top of rack switch.

The present disclosure relates to a communication method and system for converging a 5th-generation (5G) communication system for supporting higher data rates beyond a 4th-generation (4G) system with a technology for Internet of Things (IoT). The present disclosure may be applied to intelligent services based on the 5G communication technology and the IoT-related technology, such as smart home, smart building, smart city, smart car, connected car, health care, digital education, smart retail, security and safety services. Embodiments herein disclose a network management apparatus, method, and computer-readable storage medium for or management of shared NSI in a communication system.

A method, system, and/or computer program product configures hierarchical cloud resources. A supervisor server receives a signal indicating a boundary of a set of hierarchical cloud resources. The boundary describes a level of resource sharing among the set of hierarchical cloud resources, which includes a set of software applications, a set of middleware that supports one or more software applications from the set of software applications, and a set of virtual mechanisms that supports one or more middleware from the set of middleware. The supervisor server receives a signal from one or more Isolation/Density (I/D) switches, which are associated with one or more software applications from the set of software applications and one or more middleware from the set of the middleware, and then configures the hierarchical cloud resources, according to the boundary of the set of hierarchical cloud resources, and according to settings of the I/D switches.

Provided is a method for managing a virtualized network function, comprising: an NFVO initializes a VNFM pool according to configuration information of the VNFM pool, wherein the configuration information includes an initial number of VNFMs managed by the VNFM pool, a maximum number of VNFMs managed by the VNFM pool, and a maximum number of VNFs managed by each VNFM in the VNFM pool; and the NFVO monitors a status of each VNFM in the VNFM pool, and, when an invalid VNFM is monitored, the NFVO ascribes one or more VNFs managed by the invalid VNFM to one or more valid VNFMs in the VNFM pool.

A network as a service (NaaS) service cross-domain orchestration method to implement an end-to-end NaaS service in a multi-domain network that includes multiple network domains where the method includes obtaining information about a first user-to-network interface (UNI) and information about a second UNI in a multi-domain network according to a received NaaS service request, where the NaaS service request is used to request to establish an NaaS service between a first terminal and a second terminal; querying domain resource information to obtain a cross-domain path between the first UNI and the second UNI; determining network domains that the cross-domain path passes through, and obtaining a first connection requirement and a second connection requirement of each network domain of the network domains that the cross-domain path passes through; and sending the first connection requirement and the second connection requirement to a control device in each network domain.

A communication system includes: a network configuration memory that stores network configuration information of a first layer in which an area of the first layer whose low level configuration is desired to be concealed is represented by a preset symbol and that also stores network configuration information of a second layer showing the area represented by the preset symbol. The system also includes a network configuration management section that allows a first user to manage a network of the first layer using the network configuration information of the first layer and that also allows a second user to manage a network of the second layer using at least the network configuration information of the second layer.

Techniques are presented in which a new information element signaling priority of a management entity is included in a setup (e.g., S1-Setup) response or configuration update message sent by a management entity to a base station entity. The base station entity interprets this priority information along with the relative capacity information in an appropriate way to load-distribute the traffic/calls to highly preferable management entity instances (at a local site) when they are available, and switchover/failover to lower preference management entity instances (at a remote site) when there is a local site outage/failure or insufficient capacity in a geo-resilient pooled network.