The present discussion relates to structures and devices to facilitate application of an ultrasound therapy beam to a target anatomic region in a replicable manner. In certain aspects, adjustable positioning structures are described that allow a general probe positioning structure to be configured for a specific patient in a manner that allows the device to be used repeatedly to target the anatomic region, even when in non-clinical settings. In other aspects, a probe positioning structure is fabricated that is specific to a respective patient anatomy, such that use of the probe positioning structure provides repeatable targeting of the target anatomic region, even when in non-clinical settings.

Systems and methods for treating a cognitive disease or disorder are provided. A treatment method comprises: selecting a target volume of brain tissue to be stimulated; identifying at least one avoidance volume of brain tissue; selecting a first stimulation lead comprising at least one stimulation element; identifying at least one proposed trajectory for placement of the first stimulation lead based on the target volume and the at least one avoidance volume; placing the first stimulation lead along a placement trajectory selected from the at least one proposed trajectory; attaching the first stimulation lead to a stimulator; and stimulating the target volume with the first stimulation lead at least one stimulation element to treat at least one of a cognitive disease or a cognitive disorder. Systems include a stimulator with one or more stimulation leads and an image analyzer for identifying a proposed trajectory for placing the stimulation leads.

A device may include an image capturing component to obtain images of an environment of a user, and a light projection system. The light projection system may include a laser source and an optical imager. The device may process, in real-time, images captured by the image capturing component to derive signals for controlling the laser source, provide the signals to the laser source to enable the laser source to generate a laser beam pattern, cause the optical imager to raster scan the laser beam pattern to an absorptive element. The absorptive element may be disposed on or in the user, and positioned proximate to a region-of interest, of the user, that includes neuronal cells. The laser beam pattern may cause the absorptive element to produce acoustic energy that cause depolarization of the neuronal cells. The sensory stimulation may enable the user to visually and/or auditorily perceive the environment.

A method facilitates altering consciousness by transcranial stimulation to adjust the membrane potential duration of sensory cortex dendritic spine necks. Sensory cortex spine neck membranes are conscious. The method comprises the steps of placing electrodes on or near a scalp; applying electric fields to spine neck membranes in sensory cortex; adjusting stimulation parameters; and altering consciousness for a predetermined duration.

Methods, systems and apparatus for inducing and verifying the level of neural entrainment at any target frequency, through a combination of biofeedback mechanisms, data analysis, and modulation of synergistic combinations of adaptable stimuli.

Electrical non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) delivers weak electrical currents to the brain via electrodes that are affixed to the scalp. NIBS can excite or inhibit the brain in areas that are impacted by that electrical current during and for a short time following stimulation. Electrical NIBS can be used to change brain structure in terms of increasing white matter integrity as measured by diffusion tensor imaging. Together the electrical NIBS can induce changes in brain structure and function. The present methods and devices are adaptable to and configurable for facilitating the enhancement of brain performance, and the treatment of neurological diseases and tissues. The present methods and devices are advantageously designed to utilize modern electrodes deployed with, inter alia, various spatial arrangements, polarities, and current strengths to target brain areas or networks to thereby enhance performance or deliver therapeutic interventions.

An ultrasound transducer array is incorporated in a light-weight, conformable, and wearable patch that may be used to deliver, monitor, and control localized transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS). The patch may include full-duplex transmit-receive circuitry that may be used for continuous monitoring of transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) application. The circuitry may include a circulator. The ultrasound transducer array may be coupled to an aperture interface having irregularly sized or shaped channel conductors to provide a coarse aperture for the array. The coarse aperture may be designed using a method that provides a reduced channel count.

Methods and systems for improving nerve stimulation are disclosed which relate to shaping characteristics of the stimulation field such as by using different geometries and locations of stimulation. In embodiments, systems and methods are provided to improve selective modulation of specific targeted neural substrate, while minimizing the activation of adjacent non-targeted nervous tissue. While aspects of the disclosed technologies can be applied to any part of the central and peripheral nervous systems for treatment various disorders and providing symptom relief to provide for therapy related to pelvic floor disorders such as overactive bladder.

The subject matter of the present disclosure generally relates to techniques for neuromodulation that include applying energy (e.g., ultrasound energy) into an internal tissue to cause tissue displacement and identifying that the tissue displacement has occurred. In one embodiment, the presence of tissue displacement is associated with a desired therapeutic or physiological outcome, such as a change in a molecule of interest.

Systems and methods are provided for ultrasound stimulation for immunomodulation treatment. Ultrasound stimulation of the spleen may be used to alter immune and thereby inflammatory responses of a subject by modulating specific biomarkers or cytokines associated with inflammation. A closed-loop or responsive ultrasound stimulation of the spleen may be implemented by tracking biomarkers in the blood that indicate when the stimulation is working. Modulation of specific cytokines and/or erythrocyte sedimentation rate may be performed in response to ultrasound stimulation in a diseased state.