A network system includes a communication apparatus, and a control apparatus configured to control the communication apparatus. The communication apparatus includes a memory configured to store program instructions, and a processor configured to execute the instructions to receive an address of a destination virtual machine from the control apparatus, receive a packet from a source virtual machine, identify, based on the address of the destination virtual machine corresponding to the received packet, an identifier of an edge node connected to the destination virtual machine, and add the identifier of the edge node to the received packet.

A method for user equipment route selection policy (URSP) rule-based application data routing, user equipment (UE), and a storage medium are provided. The method includes: obtaining, by the UE, a list of URSP rules and a route selection descriptor (RSD) indication in the list of URSP rules, and establishing protocol data unit (PDU) sessions according to the RSD indication; obtaining, by the UE, traffic descriptor (TD) parameters in the URSP rules, and establishing a mapping between the TD parameters and the PDU sessions; and obtaining, by the UE, application data and a parameter corresponding to the application data, and determining a routing path of the application data according to the parameter and the mapping.

A first network device receives location information sent by a second network device. The location information includes a location identifier used to identify a location of the second network device in a network and a plurality of associated flexible algorithms corresponding to the location identifier. The first network device generates, based on a first flexible algorithm of the plurality of associated flexible algorithms, first routing information to the second network device. The first flexible algorithm corresponds to a first network topology, the first network topology is a network topology in which the first network device is located, and the first routing information is used to send a packet to the second network device in the first network topology. One location identifier corresponds to a plurality of associated flexible algorithms, and routing information in different network topologies is generated based on different associated flexible algorithms.

Example network devices, systems, and methods are disclosed. In an example, a network device includes memory configured to store information associated with one or more service level agreements (SLAs) for applications in a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) and an application-based multipath routing (AMR) module including processing circuitry. The AMR module is configured to identify, based on criteria, one or more of the applications for AMR, wherein each criterion of the criteria is associated with a corresponding property of an application. The AMR module is configured to determine a breach of one of the SLAs on each WAN link associated with a first application of the identified one or more applications. The AMR module is configured to apply, in response to determining the breach, AMR for the first application.

A service chain accommodation device includes an influence coefficient calculation unit that calculates an influence coefficient indicating that an influence at the time of processing failure of a service chain is greater for a VNF located in a subsequent stage of a service chain and a VNF shared among a plurality of service chains, a residual resource calculation unit that corrects an amount of residual resources that can be accommodated for each of the VNFs through which the service chain passes, and an accommodation design unit that assigns a new service chain on the basis of the amount of the residual resources.

Systems, methods, and computer-readable media are provided for generating a unique ID for a sensor in a network. Once the sensor is installed on a component of the network, the sensor can send attributes of the sensor to a control server of the network. The attributes of the sensor can include at least one unique identifier of the sensor or the host component of the sensor. The control server can determine a hash value using a one-way hash function and a secret key, send the hash value to the sensor, and designate the hash value as a sensor ID of the sensor. In response to receiving the sensor ID, the sensor can incorporate the sensor ID in subsequent communication messages. Other components of the network can verify the validity of the sensor using a hash of the at least one unique identifier of the sensor and the secret key.

A method of utilizing the same hardware network interface card (NIC) in a gateway of a datacenter to communicate datacenter tenant packet traffic and packet traffic for a set of applications that execute in the user space of the gateway and utilize a network stack in the kernel space of the gateway. The method sends and receives packets for the datacenter tenant packet traffic through a packet datapath in the user space. The method sends incoming packets from the NIC to the set of applications through the datapath in the user space, a user-kernel transport driver connecting the kernel network stack to the datapath in the user space, and the kernel network stack. The method receives outgoing packets at the NIC from the set of applications through the kernel network stack, the user-kernel transport driver, and the data path in the user space.

A controller obtains service information, and determines at least one forwarding device based on the service information. The controller generates an instruction list based on the service information and network function information of the at least one forwarding device, where the network function information is used to indicate a network function of the at least one forwarding device, and the instruction list includes a control instruction generated by the controller for the at least one forwarding device. The controller sends the corresponding control instruction in the instruction list to the at least one forwarding device, where the control instruction is used to instruct the at least one forwarding device to perform corresponding processing on a service packet of a service corresponding to the service information.

Techniques are disclosed relating to implementing inter-application communication in a peer-to-peer fashion via a lease-based central registry. The central registry is configured to maintain application-layer routing information and to perform load balancing of the inter-application communication. A first application of a plurality of applications may send a lease request identifying the second application to the central registry. The first application receives a lease response that identifies a specific instance of a second application within a plurality of computing nodes and includes a resource allocation defining one or more limits on inter-application communication that the first application is permitted to perform with the specific instance of the second application. Based at least in part on the lease response, the first application performs inter-application communication directly with the specific instance of the second application subject to the one or more limits without requiring routing of the inter-application communication by another entity.

A system to allow smooth transition between a plurality of communication sessions between a plurality of edge-links comprising a first of said plurality of communication sessions carrying traffic from one or more applications. An edge-link redundancy device, coupled to said plurality of communication sessions, monitors the status of said plurality of communication sessions. The edge-link redundancy device routing applications initiated to a second of said plurality of communication sessions when the status of said plurality of communication sessions changes to a predetermined state.