A communication method and apparatus. A user plane network element perform refined differentiated processing on different data packets to adapt to and meet different user requirements and network conditions. A first user plane network element receives a first data packet, where the first data packet carries first indication information. The first user plane network element processes the first data packet based on the first indication information. The first indication information includes one or more of the following: synchronous transmission indication information, packet discard indication information, data type indication information, charging indication information, statistics indication information, or priority indication information.

A security system that provides for secure communication from a remote system operating on an unsecure network without the need for encrypting the packets related to the communication. The packets for the communications are sent over the network in clear text, which are readable by any systems on the network, however, only the systems that are authorized are able to determine what packets are the correct packets and what packets are the imitation packets. Moreover, a remote secure network may be utilized such that any system operating on an unsecure network may send packets through the remote secure network in a randomized routing in order to aid in hiding the systems sending and receiving the packets and the relays through which the packets are being sent.

A system with co-resident data-plane and network interface controllers embodying a method for network switching of a data packet incoming from a network at a packet input processor portion of a network interface resource comprising the packet input processor, a packet output processor, and a network interface controller, implemented as a module or a single chip, to a target entity via either the network interface controller or the packet input processor is disclosed.

A hierarchical wireless network is provided with a mesh backbone network portion and a switching tree network portion, The mesh backbone network portion includes first tier nodes each having at least one wireless link to another first tier node, The first tier nodes execute a link-state protocol for routing packets, The switching tree network portion includes second tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one first tier node and at least one wireless link to one third tier node, and third tier nodes each having a single wireless link to one second tier node. The second tier and the third tier nodes execute switching rules for switching packets,

A communication apparatus which includes a plurality of network interfaces stores the address of the communication apparatus in a network in association with one of the plurality of network interfaces, decides, if there is a signal to be transmitted, a network interface to be used to transmit the signal out of the plurality of network interfaces, determines whether one or more first addresses associated with the decided network interface are stored, and performs control, if at least one of the first addresses is stored, so as to select the second address out of the first addresses based on a value at least used to set a communicable range, and transmit the signal to be transmitted by using the second address as a transmission source address.

A method and apparatus of a device that determines a cause and effect of congestion in this device is described. In an exemplary embodiment, the device measures a queue group occupancy of a queue group for a port in the device, where the queue group stores a plurality of packets to be communicated through that port. In addition, the device determines if the measurement indicates a potential congestion of the queue group, where the congestion prevents a packet from being communicated within a time period. If potential congestion exists on that queue group, the device further gathers information regarding packets to be transmitted through that port. For example, the device can gather statistics packets that are stored in the queue group and/or new enqueue packets.

A communication control system includes a plurality of layer 2 switches (SWs); and a communication control device that controls communication of the SWs. Each SW includes one or more queues that each have a variable queue length for accumulating input frames, and a transmission unit that has a shaping function of transmitting the frames accumulated in the queues to a desired destination at a desired rate. The communication control device includes a correction processing unit that acquires an amount of discarded data generated in each queue of the SW, and multiplies the acquired amount of discarded data by a correction coefficient weighted by the cumulative number of times of discarding occurrences for which the amount of discarded data is not 0 to obtain a corrected amount of discarded data; and an adjustment processing unit that determines adjustment values for the queue length of each queue and shaping rate of the SW based on the corrected amount of discarded data, and notifies each SW of the adjustment values.

A communication control system includes a plurality of layer 2 switches (SWs); and a communication control device that controls communication of the SWs. Each SW includes one or more queues that each have a variable queue length for accumulating input frames, and a transmission unit that has a shaping function of transmitting the frames accumulated in the queues to a desired destination at a desired rate. The communication control device includes a correction processing unit that acquires an amount of discarded data generated in each queue of the SW, and multiplies the acquired amount of discarded data by a correction coefficient weighted by the cumulative number of times of discarding occurrences for which the amount of discarded data is not 0 to obtain a corrected amount of discarded data; and an adjustment processing unit that determines adjustment values for the queue length of each queue and shaping rate of the SW based on the corrected amount of discarded data, and notifies each SW of the adjustment values.

The present disclosure relates to an electronic device, a radio communication method, and a computer-readable storage medium. The electronic device of the present disclosure for use in a vehicle is configured to: receive a message, the message comprising a validity time of the message and a validity range of the message; and determine, on the basis of the validity time of the message and of the validity range of the message, whether to forward the message. The use of the electronic device, the radio communication method, and the computer-readable storage medium of the present disclosure optimizes an exchange process for vehicle-related information, thus reducing overhead and delays to the greatest extent, and thereby increasing communication efficiency.

Apparatus including a network switch which includes switching circuitry to switch packets, packet drop decision circuitry to identify a packet that is to be dropped, packet duplication circuitry to duplicate the packet that is to be dropped, producing a first packet and a second packet, and packet exporting circuitry to export the first packet to a memory external to the switch via direct memory access (DMA). Related apparatus and methods are also provided.