Disclosed are methods and devices (e.g. servers) for establishing a real-time communication event between a user of a client device and another user of another client device via a communication network. A message pertaining to the communication event (e.g. to a communication event establishment procedure) includes multiple options pertaining to the communication event and, for each of the multiple options, a different network address unique to that option which can be accessed to select that option.

QR codes or the like are used in hardlink applications, by which different users may receive different information in response to a user's interaction with a touchpoint. The content delivered to a particular user in response to a hardlink code or a presented hyperlink may be dependent on the time of the scan, the geographic location of the user, a weather condition at the geographical location, personal information associated with the user, a number of previous scans of the code by prior individuals, and any combination of the these or other variables, which may be determined by an originator of the QR code or other party. User devices may be re-directed to alternate content or network addresses based on one or more programmed conditions.

QR codes or the like are used in hardlink applications, by which different users may receive different information in response to a user's interaction with a touchpoint. The content delivered to a particular user in response to a hardlink code or a presented hyperlink may be dependent on the time of the scan, the geographic location of the user, a weather condition at the geographical location, personal information associated with the user, a number of previous scans of the code by prior individuals, and any combination of the these or other variables, which may be determined by an originator of the QR code or other party. User devices may be re-directed to alternate content or network addresses based on one or more programmed conditions.

QR codes or the like are used in hardlink applications, by which different users may receive different information in response to a user's interaction with a touchpoint. The content delivered to a particular user in response to a hardlink code or a presented hyperlink may be dependent on the time of the scan, the geographic location of the user, a weather condition at the geographical location, personal information associated with the user, a number of previous scans of the code by prior individuals, and any combination of the these or other variables, which may be determined by an originator of the QR code or other party. User devices may be re-directed to alternate content or network addresses based on one or more programmed conditions.

Transmission of uplink messages by user devices in 5G and 6G involves substantial delays and numerous complex steps. For lower latency and simpler operation, procedures are disclosed by which a user device can transmit an uplink message in an unscheduled but monitored channel, allocated for at-will transmissions. The user device can transmit a header including, for example, the identity code of the user device, the size of a subsequent data message, and the destination address, followed by the data message. To reduce unnecessary delays, the user device can calculate when the data message is expected to be ready to transmit, and can start transmitting the header at an earlier time, calculated to be finished when the data message will be ready. The data message is then transmitted with zero delay. When low latency is required, the disclosed procedures can reduce delays substantially. Many additional aspects are disclosed.

A method and system provides improved routing efficiency for users of a data management system. The data management system includes a plurality of global traffic managers, local traffic managers, and data centers that store user data. Each data center is related to a respective global traffic manager and a respective local traffic manager. When a user submits a request to access data stored in one of the data centers, the data management system identifies a primary data center from which the user will access the user data and routes the user request data to the global traffic manager related to the primary data center.

A system and method for shielding a network from malicious or unauthorized activity includes an active monitoring device connected to the network for monitoring each data packet and controlling the network connection. End devices connected to the network are isolated from each other so that data cannot flow in the event one or more data packets, devices, and so on, are flagged as untrustworthy. The active monitoring device uses the filter data to determine whether unusual behavior, unauthorized access, attempted hacking occurred, and ensure isolation between network devices and prevent transfer of data. Continuous monitoring ensures once trusted devices that abnormally change behavior are flagged as untrusted, thereby preventing breaches of the network.

A method, an apparatus, and a system for controlling sending of a MAC address forwarding table are provided. In the solution, when it is determined that a destination IP address is different from any IP address of a gateway to which a source virtual machine is attached, generation, according to an ARP request packet, a first MAC address forwarding table that is to be sent to the gateway is forbidden; and when it is determined that IP addresses of the gateway to which the source virtual machine is attached include an IP address that is the same as the destination IP address, a first MAC address forwarding table that is to be sent to the gateway is generated according to the ARP request packet, and the first MAC address forwarding table is sent to the gateway.

A method of performing a packet domain event report by a mobile termination (MT) of a user equipment (UE) to a terminal equipment (TE) of the UE; and the UE therefore are discussed. The method according to one embodiment includes receiving, by the MT from the TE, a context activation request for a first packet data protocol (PDP) type; attempting, by the MT, a context activation with the first PDP type; receiving, by the MT from a network, a second PDP type assigned by the network for the context activation instead of the first PDP type; and sending, by the MT to the TE, an event message including a reason parameter indicating why the context activation request for the first PDP type is not granted.

Address resolution information acquisition (ARIA) for a computing device is described. In some examples, ARIA includes a computing device (e.g., an Internet of things (IoT) node, a gateway, a server) determining, without use of an address resolution protocol (ARP), address resolution information of one or more other computing devices (e.g., a IoT node, a gateway, a server). In one example, the computing device uses data flowing to or from its application layer, transport layer, or network layer to determine address resolution information of another computing device. The address resolution information can comprise one or more of a link layer address (e.g., a media access control (MAC) address) and an Internet layer address (e.g., an Internet protocol (IP) address). Usage of a cache for storing or deleting address resolution information can also be part of ARIA.