A first fabric abstraction layer couples to a data link layer and a physical layer of a network fabric device. The network fabric device is connected to other network elements within a network via at least one network connection, such as a fiber optic connection. A second fabric abstraction layer couples to the data link layer and an application of the network device. The second fabric abstraction layer provides an application programming interface (API) to the application. The API allows the application to generate configuration instructions for configuring the at least one network connection. Upon receiving the configuration instructions generated by the application, the second abstraction layer sends the configuration instructions to the first abstraction layer via the data link layer. The first abstraction layer then configures the at least one network connection to transmit data according to the configuration instructions.

A computer-implemented method comprising: (i) defining a new ethertype to be used in communicating PIDs (process identification codes), with the new ethertype being assigned a new ethertype code; (ii) determining a selected abstraction layer from a plurality of abstraction layers to be used in communicating PIDs; and (iii) making a plurality of network communications among and between computers of a networked computers system, with each communication, with the making of each given communication including: (a) inserting the new ethertype code and a PID of a process causing the given communication to occur into a data structure, and (b) communicating the data structure between computers of the networked computers system at the selected abstraction layer.

A method is described that comprises collecting communication data travelling among a plurality of computing nodes in a networked environment. The method includes using the communication data to create a plurality of connectivity records, wherein each connectivity record comprises a communication between a source computing node and a destination computing node of the plurality of computing nodes. The method includes associating the communication with an application context and protocol. The method includes processing the plurality of connectivity records to eliminate connectivity records that meet at least one criteria, wherein the plurality of connectivity records includes associated application contexts and protocols, wherein a first portion of the plurality of connectivity records comprises the eliminated connectivity records, wherein a second portion of the plurality of connectivity records comprises the remainder of the connectivity records. The method includes building a graph using the second portion of the connectivity records.

A method is described that comprises collecting communication data travelling among a plurality of computing nodes in a networked environment. The method includes using the communication data to create a plurality of connectivity records, wherein each connectivity record comprises a communication between a source computing node and a destination computing node of the plurality of computing nodes. The method includes associating the communication with an application context and protocol. The method includes processing the plurality of connectivity records to eliminate connectivity records that meet at least one criteria, wherein the plurality of connectivity records includes associated application contexts and protocols, wherein a first portion of the plurality of connectivity records comprises the eliminated connectivity records, wherein a second portion of the plurality of connectivity records comprises the remainder of the connectivity records. The method includes building a graph using the second portion of the connectivity records.

Examples of a method and apparatus for cross-chain resource transmission are described. The cross-chain resource transmission includes sending from a first account of a first blockchain to another blockchain. One example of the method is executed by the first blockchain and includes: initiating, by the first account, a first transaction used for cross-chain resource transmission, to decrement a first resource balance of the first account by a first quantity and save first data obtained through a consensus into the first blockchain based on execution of the first transaction, where the first data includes an authenticable message; and sending the first data and first location information to the relay end, which is used to send the authenticable message to the second blockchain, where a second resource balance of the second account is incremented by a second quantity.

A transmission method includes: generating one or more transfer frames that each store one or more streams used for content transfer; and transmitting the one or more generated frames through broadcast, each of the one or more streams storing one or more second transfer units, each of the one or more second transfer units storing one or more first transfer units, and each of the one or more first transfer units storing one or more Internet Protocol (IP) packets. In at least one stream among the one or more streams, each of the first transfer units positioned at a head contains reference clock information indicating time used for reproduction of the content.

A transmission method includes: generating one or more transfer frames that each store one or more streams used for content transfer; and transmitting the one or more generated frames through broadcast, each of the one or more streams storing one or more second transfer units, each of the one or more second transfer units storing one or more first transfer units, and each of the one or more first transfer units storing one or more Internet Protocol (IP) packets. In at least one stream among the one or more streams, each of the first transfer units positioned at a head contains reference clock information indicating time used for reproduction of the content.

An apparatus comprising an application cross-stratum optimization (CSO) gateway (ACG) coupled to an application layer that handles a plurality of servers, a network CSO gateway (NCG) coupled to a network layer that handles a plurality of network nodes and configured to communicate with the ACG using a CSO protocol (CSOP), and a CSO interface established between the ACG and the NCG that enables the exchange of a plurality of CSOP messages to allow joint application-network resource allocation, provisioning, and optimization. Also disclosed is a network apparatus implemented method comprising sending a user profile from a user plane to an application plane, sending an application profile from the application plane to a network plane via a CSO interface between an ACG and a NCG, and sending network capability information from the network plane to the application plane via the CSO interface.

An apparatus comprising an application cross-stratum optimization (CSO) gateway (ACG) coupled to an application layer that handles a plurality of servers, a network CSO gateway (NCG) coupled to a network layer that handles a plurality of network nodes and configured to communicate with the ACG using a CSO protocol (CSOP), and a CSO interface established between the ACG and the NCG that enables the exchange of a plurality of CSOP messages to allow joint application-network resource allocation, provisioning, and optimization. Also disclosed is a network apparatus implemented method comprising sending a user profile from a user plane to an application plane, sending an application profile from the application plane to a network plane via a CSO interface between an ACG and a NCG, and sending network capability information from the network plane to the application plane via the CSO interface.

A first fabric abstraction layer couples to a data link layer and a physical layer of a network fabric device. The network fabric device is connected to other network elements within a network via at least one network connection, such as a fiber optic connection. A second fabric abstraction layer couples to the data link layer and an application of the network device. The second fabric abstraction layer provides an application programming interface (API) to the application. The API allows the application to generate configuration instructions for configuring the at least one network connection. Upon receiving the configuration instructions generated by the application, the second abstraction layer sends the configuration instructions to the first abstraction layer via the data link layer. The first abstraction layer then configures the at least one network connection to transmit data according to the configuration instructions.