A portable apparatus for analyzing a plant specimen. A housing assembly defines a sensing volume and controls entry of ambient light into the sensing volume when the housing is closed. A specimen support positions a plant specimen within the sensing volume whereby light emitted from at least one light emitter is incident upon the plant specimen. An image sensor senses light from the at least one light emitter that has been incident on the plant specimen. A processor analyzes data obtained from the light sensor to assess one or more properties of the plant specimen. There may be more than one light emitter, e.g., a halogen lamp and LED array, and the apparatus may acquire images under more than one lighting condition. The apparatus may include a mechanism for moving the plant specimen relative to the optical path to take images at multiple regions of interest on the specimen.

A distance measurement image pickup apparatus has two measurement periods. In a first distance measurement period, short pulsed light (1T) is irradiated, and exposure is performed in a plurality of exposure periods (A, B, and C) in which exposure timings are shifted. In each exposure period, an exposure gate is opened a plurality of times to perform repetitive exposure, and a first non-exposure period is provided from when a last exposure gate is closed until subsequent pulsed light is irradiated. In a second distance measurement period, long pulsed light (4T) is irradiated, and exposure is performed in a plurality of exposure periods (A, B, and C) in which exposure timings are shifted. In each exposure period, exposure is performed by opening the exposure gate only once, and a second non-exposure period is provided from when a last exposure gate is closed until subsequent pulsed light is irradiated.

The present invention relates to a real-time parathyroid imaging device, and a real-time parathyroid imaging device for displaying only a parathyroid in a thyroid with a separate mark, the real-time parathyroid imaging device including: a light source configured to emit light to a thyroid and excite a parathyroid; a detector configured to detect an emission spectrum of the parathyroid excited and emitted by the light source; an excitation filter disposed in front of the light source; and an emission filter disposed in front of the detector. When central Compartment Neck Dissection (CCND) for thyroidectomy is performed, the present invention clearly marks a parathyroid by an autofluorescent image, thereby allowing a surgeon to more simply and safely perform the CCND while leaving the parathyroid.

To generate a value unique to a device in a more preferable mode. A solid-state image sensor includes a plurality of unit pixels disposed in a two-dimensional array, and a drive control unit that controls a first drive to output signals from the unit pixels included in a first unit pixel group of the plurality of unit pixels as an image signal, and a second drive to detect variations in respective signals from two or more of the unit pixels included in a second unit pixel group of the plurality of unit pixels, in which the first unit pixel group and the second unit pixel group have different structures from each other.

The present disclosure discloses an optical imaging lens group including, sequentially from an object side to an image side along an optical axis, a first lens having positive refractive power with a convex object-side surface; a second lens having refractive power; a third lens having refractive power; a fourth lens having refractive power; a fifth lens having refractive power; and a sixth lens having negative refractive power with a concave object-side surface and a convex image-side surface. A total effective focal length f of the optical imaging lens group, an entrance pupil diameter EPD of the optical imaging lens group and half of a maximal field-of-view Semi-FOV of the optical imaging lens group satisfy: f/EPD<2, and f*tan(Semi-FOV)>4.5 mm.

An imaging element includes a reading circuit that reads out pixel data obtained by imaging a subject at a first frame rate, a memory that stores the read pixel data, and an output circuit that outputs image data based on the stored pixel data at a second frame rate. The first frame rate is a frame rate higher than the second frame rate. The pixel data includes phase difference pixel data and non-phase difference pixel data different from the phase difference pixel data. The reading circuit reads out the pixel data of each of a plurality of frames in parallel within an output period defined by the second frame rate as a period in which the image data of one frame is output, and performs reading of the non-phase difference pixel data and a plurality of reading of the phase difference pixel data within the output period.

A super class of polarized transverse vector vortex photon beams patterns are mathematically represented here, which are Majorana-like among them are the radial and azimuthal Laguerre-Gaussian, hybrid π-vector beams, and Airy beams. These optical beams are consider spin-orbit coupled beams based on OAM and SAM parts of light. A Majorana photon is a photon that is identical to its anti-photon. It has within itself both chirality, right and left-handed twist in polarization (SAM) and wavefront (OAM). Applications using Majorana photons improve optical deeper imaging, higher resolution imaging, Nonlinear Optics effects (SHG, SRS, SC), optical communication in free space and fibers, quantum computer as basic qubit, and entanglement for security.

In accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure, an image synchronization device includes a light emitting source configured to emit light at intervals of a predetermined time, a sampling phase calibration circuit configured to calibrate a sampling phase of each of the first image sensor and the second image sensor on the basis of a light emitting timing of the light emitting source and a delay calibration circuit configured to generate delay information on the basis of a result of comparison between first image information transmitted from the first image sensor and second image information transmitted from the second image sensor.

A lens system having reduced physical size. The lens system includes multiple metalenses, lenses with metasurfaces, that integrate the lens and the free space and compress them into multiple layers of metasurfaces, significantly reducing the overall volume and weight of the imaging system while increasing its efficiency. The lens system also provides for tools that can accurately model 3D multilayer metasurfaces, carry out inverse design to find the optimal and fault-tolerant structure, fabricate the metasurfaces with multi-project wafer service, assemble them with a 3D-printed holder, and characterize the performance of the resulting ultra-compact imaging system.

A method of determining dimensional information of a target surface includes generating a first point cloud corresponding to a first plurality of reconstructed surface points of the target surface generated by a first imaging system-illumination source pair of a phase profilometry system; generating a second point cloud corresponding to a second plurality of reconstructed surface points of the target surface generated by a second imaging system-illumination source pair of the phase profilometry system; generating an initial estimate of the target surface based on the first and second point clouds; and refining the initial surface estimate using positions of the first and second point clouds and geometry of the first and second imaging system-illumination source pairs to generate a final point cloud.