Multilevel optical intensity modulation high in accuracy is performed using electro-absorption optical modulators. There is provided a plurality of EA modulators connected in series in a path of an optical signal from a light source, and a multilevel-coded modulated optical signal is generated by modulating an intensity of an input optical signal from the light source based on a modulation signal using the EA modulators. Each of the EA modulators is switched between an ON state and an OFF state of optical absorption in accordance with the modulation signal. Regarding an extinction ratio of the ON state to the OFF state in each of the EA modulators, the EA modulators have respective values difference from each other, and are arranged in ascending order of the extinction ratio from the light source side.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for packetized clocks may include a packet interface to carry the rate of a client to a sigma-delta modulator that generates a clock at the required rate inside the chip itself there by removing the need for off-chip analog PLLs. The packetized clock may include a packet interface that receives a flow credit packet that includes a plurality of flow credit counts, one flow credit count for each data flow, and forwards a flow credit count for each data flow to one of a plurality of clock generators to generate a new clock signal for each data flow.

The present invention provides a receiving device and an optical switching fabric apparatus, where the receiving device includes: multiple selecting modules, a fast optical switch connecting to each selecting module, an output module connecting to all the fast optical switches, and a receiver connecting to the output module, where the selecting module is configured to receive a multiwavelength optical signal, select and filter a first optical signal of a preset time segment in the multiwavelength optical signal; the fast optical switch is configured to select a second optical signal from the first optical signal filtered by the selecting module; the output module is configured to combine optical signals separately selected by all the fast optical switches into one optical burst signal; and the receiver is configured to perform optical-to-electrical conversion on the optical burst signal, and extract service data from an electrical signal.

Embodiments may be generally direct to apparatuses, systems, method, and techniques to determine a configuration for a plurality of connectors, the configuration to associate a first interconnect protocol with a first subset of the plurality of connectors and a second interconnect protocol with a second subset of the plurality of connectors, the first interconnect protocol and the second interconnect protocol are different interconnect protocols and each comprising one of a serial link protocol, a coherent link protocol, and an accelerator link protocol, cause processing of data for communication via the first subset of the plurality of connectors in accordance with the first interconnect protocol, and cause processing of data for communication via the second subset of the plurality of connector in accordance with the second interconnect protocol.

The present invention discloses data receiving and sending methods and apparatuses and a system, and relates to the field of communications technologies. The data receiving method includes: receiving a data carrier; deciding polar radius values of multiple labeled constellation points carried at a pre-determined location in the data carrier, to determine a numerical value indicated by a polar radius value of each labeled constellation point in the multiple labeled constellation points; determining, according to a sequence including numerical values indicated by polar radius values of all the labeled constellation points in the multiple labeled constellation points, a demodulation scheme of a constellation point, other than the multiple labeled constellation points, carried in the data carrier; and demodulating, according to the determined demodulation scheme, the constellation point, other than the multiple labeled constellation points, carried in the data carrier.

At least a method and a device for transmitting data are disclosed. The method includes obtaining n FlexE signal streams, where a transmission rate of each FlexE signal stream is a first rate, distributing an i.sup.th FlexE signal stream into m signal sub-streams, where each of the m signal sub-streams carries a first identifier, which indicate that the signal sub-stream carrying the first identifier belongs to the i.sup.th FlexE signal stream, inserting a preset quantity of padding code blocks into each of the m signal sub-streams, to obtain m padded signal sub-streams, so that transmission rate of each of the m padded signal sub-streams is equal to that of a first optical module, where the rate of the first optical module is greater than the first rate/m, and less than the first rate, and sending the m padded signal sub-streams by using m first optical modules.

A passive optical network includes one or more multi-service terminals each having a housing and a plurality of ruggedized plug-receiving distribution ports accessible from outside the housing. The multi-service terminals also each include an optical power splitter or wave division multiplexer for splitting an optical signal and directing the split signal to the plug-receiving distribution ports. Some of the multi-service terminals provide a different power split ratio from others of the multi-service terminals.

A data storage system is disclosed that includes a recirculating loop storing data in motion. The data may be carried by a signal via the loop including one or more satellites or other vessels that return, for example by reflection or regeneration, the signals through the loop. The loop may also include a waveguide, for example an optical fiber, or an optical cavity. Signal multiplexing may be used to increase the contained data. The signal may be amplified at each roundtrip and sometimes a portion of the signal may be regenerated.

A method for cross-talk correction of intensities measured on mutually separate detection wavelength bands is presented. Each detection wavelength band relates to one of analyte-specific probe-populations contained by a sample to be analyzed. Each probe-population is capable of emitting a first signal component and a second signal component whose spectra have maxima at different wavelengths and at least the first signal component is dependent on presence of analyte detectable with that probe-population. Cross-talk corrected intensities are computed on the basis of a) the intensities measured on the detection wavelength bands, b) a value indicative of intensity occurring on an auxiliary wavelength band outside the detection wavelength bands and at least partially caused by the second signal components, and c) pre-determined cross-talk parameters. For example in con-junction with FRET-based assays, the dependency of a background signal on the percentage of hybridized probes can be taken into account in the cross-talk correction.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a signal processing method, a network apparatus, and a system. The method includes: mapping a received first client signal into a first ODUflex; mapping the first ODUflex into an optical channel data tributary unit (ODTUCn.X) including X tributary slots, where X is a non-integer; and multiplexing the ODTUCn.X into an optical channel payload unit (OPUCn). According to the signal processing method provided in the embodiments of the present invention, carrying efficiency can be improved when a fine-grained service is transmitted, and complexity is relatively low.