In response to a first communication device determining that a specific wireless local area network (WLAN) communication link has been negotiated with a second communication device for traffic corresponding to a first traffic identifier (TID), the first communication device transmits packets corresponding to the first TID to the second communication device only via the specific WLAN communication link. In response to the first communication device determining that no WLAN communication link has been negotiated with the second communication device for traffic corresponding to a second TID, transmitting, by the first communication device, packets corresponding to the second TID to the second communication device via multiple WLAN communication links.

A UE transmits a PDU session establishment request message including an S-NSSAI and a PDU session ID, and receives a PDU session establishment accept message including the S-NSSAI, the PDU session ID, a first cause value, a first back-off timer value, a first Session-AMBR IE, and a second Session-AMBR IE. The UE establishes a PDU session corresponding to the S-NSSAI, configures a back-off timer corresponding to the S-NSSAI to the first back-off timer value, and applies a data rate indicated by the second Session-AMBR IE to the PDU session while the back-off timer is running. In a case that the UE receives a PDU session modification command including the PDU session ID, a second cause value, a second back-off timer value, and a third Session-AMBR IE before expiration of the back-off timer, the UE, in a case that the second back-off timer value indicates other than 0, updates the back-off timer to the second back-off timer value, applies the data rate indicated by the third Session-AMBR IE to the PDU session, and updates, after expiration of the back-off timer, the data rate applied to the PDU session to the data rate indicated by the first Session-AMBR IE. This allows for provision of a communication unit for implementing a function related to management of a maximum number of UEs and/or a maximum number of PDU sessions connected for each network slice in a 5GS.

A method of traffic flow management with stream classification service (SCS) and associated apparatus are provided, where the wireless communications system may include a first device and a second device. The method may include: carrying and sending a first descriptor element in a first request frame, requesting for a SCS stream from the first device, wherein the first descriptor element is related to the SCS, wherein the first request frame includes a first indication, indicating whether the second device agrees that the SCS stream and any other stream from the first device to the second device share a same traffic identifier (TID).

Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.

A method for delivering quality of service to a moving user equipment in a computer network, the method including: identifying a moving user equipment on the computer network; predicting a path of travel for the user equipment; determining a load of a cell in the path of travel; determining a traffic action response based on the load of the cell; and providing the traffic action. A system for delivering quality of service to a moving user equipment in a computer network, the system including: a location module configured to identify a moving user equipment on the computer network; an analysis module configured to predict a path of travel for the user equipment; a load module configured to determine a load of a cell in the path of travel; and a traffic action module configured to determine a traffic action response based on the load of the cell and provide for the traffic action.

Several policies are trained for determining communication parameters used by mobile devices in selecting a cell of a first communication network to operate on. The several policies form a policy bank. By adjusting the communication parameters, load balancing among cells of the first communication network is achieved. A policy selector is trained so that a target communication network, different than the first communication network, can be load balanced. The policy selector selects a policy from the policy bank for the target communication network. The target communication network applies the policy and the load is balanced on the target communication network. Improved load balancing leads to a reduction of the number of base stations needed in the target communication network.

A method, a device, and a non-transitory storage medium are described in which a policy control event exposure service is provided. The service may include a policy control event exposure service that supports quality of service (QoS)-based event subscription and access and mobility (AM)-based event subscription. The service may notify network function consumers when a QoS-based event or an AM-based event occurs.

The disclosure relates to a 5G or 6G communication system for supporting a higher data transmission rate. Embodiments herein disclose methods and systems of how an application function can request the Fifth Generation (5G) core network to perform a specific action, when a network slice quota reaches a maximum limit or when the behavior of the UE(s) falls outside the expected communication behavior.

Embodiments are directed towards systems and methods for user plane function (UPF) and network slice load balancing within a 5G network. Example embodiments include systems and methods for load balancing based on current UPF load and thresholds that depend on UPF capacity; UPF load balancing using predicted throughput of new UE on the network based on network data analytics; UPF load balancing based on special considerations for low latency traffic; UPF load balancing supporting multiple slices, maintaining several load-thresholds for each UPF and each slice depending on the UPF and network slice capacity; and UPF load balancing using predicted central processing unit (CPU) utilization and/or predicted memory utilization of new UE on the network based on network data analytics.