According to various embodiments, a multi-link device (MLD) may transmit, to an AP, a request frame for changing a primary link. On the basis of the request frame, the MLD may receive a response frame from the AP. On the basis of the response frame, the MLD may determine whether to change the primary link.

According to various embodiments, a multi-link device (MLD) may transmit, to an AP, a request frame for changing a primary link. On the basis of the request frame, the MLD may receive a response frame from the AP. On the basis of the response frame, the MLD may determine whether to change the primary link.

Channel occupancy time (COT) aware sensing and resource selection for new radio-unlicensed (NR-U) sidelink operations is disclosed. A first sidelink user equipment (UE) determines a sensing window or resource selection window (RSW) based on a projected listen-before-talk (LBT) completion time. The UE may sense for a subset of sideline resources within the RSW and COT-SI from a neighboring sidelink UE including identification of a COT initiated by the neighboring UE and one or more parameters associated with the COT. The UE may identify in-COT resources of located within the COT and out-of-COT resources located outside of the COT and then randomly select a set of transmission resources from the in-COT and out-of-COT resources. The UE may then transmit to a second UE using the set of transmission resources.

In an embodiment, an apparatus is provided that may include circuitry to generate, at least in part, and/or receive, at least in part, at least one request that at least one network node generate, at least in part, information. The information may be to permit selection, at least in part, of (1) at least one power consumption state of the at least one network node, and (2) at least one time period. The at least one time period may be to elapse, after receipt by at least one other network node of at least one packet, prior to requesting at least one change in the at least one power consumption state. The at least one packet may be to be transmitted to the at least one network node. Of course, many alternatives, modifications, and variations are possible without departing from this embodiment.

A method of establishing one or more links for an integrated access and backhaul for a network, where the network includes a non-terrestrial node and a terrestrial node, includes determining a plurality of links to form between a non-terrestrial node and a number of nodes in the network and causing the plurality of links to be formed. The method also includes determining a plurality of routing paths for backhaul between the non-terrestrial node to a central server, providing instructions for backhaul between the non-terrestrial node and the central server using the plurality of routing paths, and transmitting a first set of data to backhaul via a first routing path of the plurality of routing paths and a second set of data to backhaul via a second routing path of the plurality of routing paths.

Allocating a physical radio resource for a non-guaranteed bit rate (non-GBR) bearer in a distributed communications system (DCS) is disclosed. More specifically, the method enables a radio circuit in a network node to divide the physical radio resource among a number of non-GBR quality-of-service (QoS) class identifiers (QCIs) based on a number of predetermined scheduling ratios, respectively. The radio circuit can be configured to dynamically rebalance physical radio resource allocation among the non-GBR QCIs such that the network node can maintain the predetermined scheduling ratios or respond to a reconfiguration of the predetermined scheduling ratios among the non-GBR QCIs. As a result, a network operator(s) can dynamically adjust physical radio resource allocation among the non-GBR QCIs based on, for example, subscribers' network usage and plan limits, thus making it possible for the network operator(s) to customize QoS configuration to enable differentiated non-GBR services.

A transport path group for uplink transmission over a fronthaul interface. The transport path group may include (i) an address of a first source port of a radio unit (RU), (ii) an address of a first destination port of a distributed unit (DU), and (iii) an address of a second source port of the RU, an address of a second destination port of the DU, and/or a flow identifier (e.g., a virtualized local area network (VLAN)). A request for user data conveyed by the DU and received by the RU may identify the transport path group. The RU may use the fronthaul interface to convey to the DU first and second portions of the requested user data over first and second different paths from the RU to the DU. The RU may employ load balancing parameters to convey the first and second portions of the requested user data.

A typical Software Defined Radio (SDR) receiver for Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK) or higher order modulations accepts an incoming digital serial complex I/O channel sample stream and performs demodulation functions to recover the original baseband data stream that another source transmitted. Typically, for real-time high data rate (HDR)>5.0 Megabits per second (Mbps) operations, a SDR unit requires an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) component or Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) component to perform the customized Digital Signal Processing (DSP) intensive processing functions in real-time. However, ASIC chips and FPGAs are typically relatively expensive to develop, purchase, and/or reconfigure. With the parallel multi-core algorithm method of this claim, one can now implement a real-time HDR (>5.0 Mbps) SDR Demodulator with only Commercial-Off-The-Shelf (COTS) software, a relatively inexpensive personal computer (PC) or server that contains a single multi-core General Purpose Processor (GPP), and especially without using ASICS or FPGAs.

Disclosed is a fifth generation (5G) or sixth generation (6G) communication system for supporting higher data transmission rate. A method for providing an ultra-reliable and low-latency communication (URLLC) service in an ultra-reliable and low-latency communication function (URLLCF) of a mobile communication system is provided. The method includes receiving an end-to-end latency request message from an application function (AF) device, the latency request message including a latency requirement and at least one of generic public subscription identifier (GPSI) information of a specific user equipment (UE), data network name (DNN), or single-network slice selection assistance (S-NSSAI), performing a subscription procedure of URLLC service condition with a unified data management (UDM)/user data repository (UDR) device, obtaining location information of the UE, identifying whether the location information conforms to a range required by the URLLC service, configuring a policy and association satisfying a latency for the URLLC service to the UE, and providing a URLLC service notification to the AF based on the configuration.

A communication method includes obtaining, by a policy control network element, an application identifier. The communication method further includes determining, by the policy control network element, a first application descriptor based on the application identifier. The communication method further includes sending, by the policy control network element, the first application descriptor to a session management network element. The first application descriptor is useable for generating an access traffic steering, switching, and splitting (ATSSS) rule. The ATSSS rule includes the first application descriptor.