An object is to appropriately manage a resource for user data control. A method for a source core network node according to one aspect of the present disclosure, includes: receiving, from a source RAN associated with a 5GS, a first message for canceling handover of a terminal from the 5GS to an EPS; transmitting a second message to a target core network node associated with the EPS when receiving the first message; receiving a third message from the target core network node when transmitting the second message; transmitting a fourth message to the source RAN when receiving the third message; and transmitting a fifth message for releasing a resource being secured in a core network device when transmitting the fourth message.

A method of quality of experience (QoE) measurement and reporting in a multi-radio access technology (RAT) handover includes receiving, by a user equipment (UE) from a first base station (BS) of a first RAT, first QoE configuration parameters, performing, by the UE, first QoE measurements and second QoE measurements, based on the first QoE configuration parameters, transmitting, to the first BS, one or more first QoE reports based on the first QoE measurements and based on a first format, receiving a handover command, from the first BS, indicating handover from the first BS to a second BS of a second RAT and transmitting, to the second BS, one or more second QoE reports based on the second QoE measurements and based on a second format.

Methods are provided which indicate availability of the same service on a different access network. In these methods, the network controller generates an identifier for each of one or more services provided by a wireless local access network (WLAN). The identifier is associated with a particular service which is also provided by a private radio network. The network controller provides to an access point the identifier to be broadcast to one or more user devices of the WLAN to connect to the particular service via the private radio network. A mobility management entity receives a request from a user device to connect to the private network, where the request includes an identifier associated with a particular service provided to the user device in the WLAN and based on the identifier, the mobility management entity enables the particular service to be provided to the user device via the private radio network.

The present disclosure relates to a state control method and an electronic device. The method includes: in response to determining a terminal in a connected state needs to save power, sending a signaling to the terminal, where the signaling is used to instruct the terminal to change a communication state with a base station. In the present disclosure, a terminal which needs to save power and is in a connected state may be instructed by a signaling to change from a connected state to a non-connected state and change from a first radio access technology currently in use to a second radio access technology.

A network system and a terminal device are provided. The network system includes a 5G access network NG-RAN and a terminal device UE that camps on the NG-RAN. The UE is configured to measure a long term evolution LTE cell when initiating an IP multimedia subsystem IMS voice call request or receiving an IMS voice call request. The NG-RAN is configured to determine, according to configuration of the NG-RAN, whether to enable IMS voice to fall back to a 4G network from a 5G network, and to send a measurement request message to the UE when determining fallback of the IMS voice to the 4G network. The UE is further configured to: in response to the measurement request message, report to the NG-RAN a measurement report based on a measurement result of the LTE cell measurement.

Aspects of the subject disclosure may include, for example, detecting that first user equipment is communicating with a first wireless access point, the communicating with the first wireless access point being via a first radio access technology, and the communicating with the first wireless access point using a first radio access technology packet format; detecting whether the first user equipment will be transitioning to communicating with a second wireless access point, the communicating with the second wireless access point being via a second radio access technology, and the communicating with the second wireless access point using a second radio access technology packet format, the second radio access technology being a different radio access technology than the first radio access technology, and the second radio access technology packet format being a packet format different than the first radio access technology packet format; and responsive to a detection that the first user equipment will be transitioning to communicating with the second wireless access point, encapsulating data that would have otherwise been in one or more packets according to the first radio access technology packet format into one or more other packets according to the second radio access technology packet format, the one or more other packets facilitating a communication between the first user equipment and the second wireless access point. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Methods of communicating in a wireless telecommunications system comprising a communications device, a master cell group comprising one or more infrastructure equipment of a first type and a secondary cell group comprising one or more infrastructure equipment of a second type, the communications device being in a coverage area of one of the infrastructure equipment of the first type and a coverage area of at least one of the infrastructure equipment of the second type, wherein the communications device is configured to transmit signals to and receive signals from the infrastructure equipment of the first type in accordance with a first communications protocol and to transmit signals to and receive signals from the at least one infrastructure equipment of the second type in accordance with a second communications protocol, the second communications protocol being different to the first communications protocol. A method according to a first example embodiment of the present disclosure comprises establishing a measurement of radio conditions associated with a first communications path between the communications device and the infrastructure equipment of the first type, determining that the first communications path is not appropriate for use by the communications device, transmitting a failure message from the communications device to one of the infrastructure equipment of the second type via a second communications path, the failure message providing information regarding the determination that the first communications path is not appropriate for use by the communications device, receiving at the communications device a signal comprising a reconfiguration message from the one of the infrastructure equipment of the second type via the second communications path, and establishing, using the reconfiguration message, signals to be transmitted by the communications device and signals to be received by the communications device. The determining that the first communications path is not appropriate for use by the communications device comprises detecting, from the measurement of radio conditions, radio link failure on the first communications path. A method according to a second example embodiment of the present disclosure comprising establishing a first measurement of radio conditions associated with a first communications path between the communications device and the infrastructure equipment of the first type, the first measurement of radio conditions comprising a quality of the first communications path, determining that the quality of the first communications path is below a first predetermined threshold, initiating a timer, the timer being configured to expir

Methods are provided which indicate availability of the same service on a different access network. In these methods, the network controller generates an identifier for each of one or more services provided by a wireless local access network (WLAN). The identifier is associated with a particular service which is also provided by a private radio network. The network controller provides to an access point the identifier to be broadcast to one or more user devices of the WLAN to connect to the particular service via the private radio network. A mobility management entity receives a request from a user device to connect to the private network, where the request includes an identifier associated with a particular service provided to the user device in the WLAN and based on the identifier, the mobility management entity enables the particular service to be provided to the user device via the private radio network.

Systems and methods are disclosed for facilitating communications in heterogeneous networks that include different data networks. A gateway device is configured to communicate with a first network using a TSCH protocol and with a second network using a channel hopping CSMA protocol. The gateway device can determine, during a first part of a TSCH timeslot, whether a message is received from the first network. If no message is received, the gateway device switches to the second network during a second part of the timeslot. If the gateway device receives a message from the second network, the gateway device may continue to receive the message. The receipt of the message in the second network may continue into a subsequent TSCH timeslot or may be interrupted if certain conditions are met.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. One method may include a wireless communications device determining an inter-modulation distortion value between simultaneous communications on a first configuration of a first radio access network and a second configuration of a second radio access network, and dynamically switching between a non-standalone mode and a standalone mode of operation, based on the inter-modulation distortion value and a quality of service requirement for the standalone mode. The wireless communications device may also provide for time division multiplexing communications on a first RAT and a second RAT wherein only the first or second RAT is active during a period of time, and wherein the first RAT is an anchor for the second RAT.