Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may be configured for contention-based forwarding (CBF) to relay a message toward a destination. The UE may receive signaling indicating a configuration for CBF. The CBF configuration may be associated with a maximum communication range for CBF signaling. The UE may receive a message to relay toward the destination using CBF. The message may include a first indication of a dynamic communication range for the CBF which may be less than or equal to the maximum communication range. The UE may determine a timer value to retransmit the message based on the dynamic communication range. When a timer set to the timer value expires, the UE may retransmit the message to nearby stations and include an indication of the dynamic communication range with the message.

Methods, systems, and devices for wireless communications are described. A user equipment (UE) may be configured for contention-based forwarding (CBF) to relay a message toward a destination. The UE may receive signaling indicating a configuration for CBF. The CBF configuration may be associated with a maximum communication range for CBF signaling. The UE may receive a message to relay toward the destination using CBF. The message may include a first indication of a dynamic communication range for the CBF which may be less than or equal to the maximum communication range. The UE may determine a timer value to retransmit the message based on the dynamic communication range. When a timer set to the timer value expires, the UE may retransmit the message to nearby stations and include an indication of the dynamic communication range with the message.

A designated forwarder election method includes a first provider edge (PE) receiving a bandwidth notification message sent by another PE, where the first PE and the other PE are connected to a first customer edge (CE), and where the bandwidth notification message includes bandwidth information of a link between the other PE and the first CE. The first PE elects a DF from the first PE and the other PE based on the bandwidth information of the other PE and bandwidth information of a link between the first PE and the first CE.

A designated forwarder election method includes a first provider edge (PE) receiving a bandwidth notification message sent by another PE, where the first PE and the other PE are connected to a first customer edge (CE), and where the bandwidth notification message includes bandwidth information of a link between the other PE and the first CE. The first PE elects a DF from the first PE and the other PE based on the bandwidth information of the other PE and bandwidth information of a link between the first PE and the first CE.

Mobility traffic drop solutions for EVPN-based networking systems that reduce delays related to a device reassociating from one access point to a different access point. For example, a method may include learning information related to a path of a mobile device configured to travel in a physical space along the path; identifying a plurality of access points having coverage areas that provide service to locations along the path and a plurality of networking tunnel endpoints servicing the plurality of access points; assigning the plurality of networking tunnel endpoints to a mobility zone associated with the mobile device; and transmitting data from a source to at least two of the networking tunnel endpoints of the mobility zone.

In one embodiment, a networking device receives packets of a traffic flow destined for a mobile system. The networking device sends a first flowlet of the traffic flow towards the mobile system via a first wireless access point. The networking device determines an idle time between the first flowlet and a second flowlet of the traffic flow. The networking device sends, based on the idle time, the second flowlet towards the mobile system via a second wireless access point.

In one embodiment, a networking device receives packets of a traffic flow destined for a mobile system. The networking device sends a first flowlet of the traffic flow towards the mobile system via a first wireless access point. The networking device determines an idle time between the first flowlet and a second flowlet of the traffic flow. The networking device sends, based on the idle time, the second flowlet towards the mobile system via a second wireless access point.

Provided are a method and apparatus for providing a policy of a user equipment in a wireless communication system, and an operating method of a visited-policy control function (V-PCF) of a visited public land mobile network (PLMN) providing a policy for processing traffic of a user equipment in a wireless communication system, the operating method includes: transmitting an indicator requesting transmission or allowance of transmission of a visited user equipment route selection policy (V-URSP) of the V-PCF to a home-policy control function (H-PCF) of a home PLMN; receiving, from the H-PCF, an indicator indicating whether transmission of the V-URSP of the V-PCF is allowed; and receiving a home user equipment route selection policy (H-URSP) from the H-PCF.

A routing method for routing an application data stream from a routing device in a vehicle to a receiving device. The routing device has available to it a plurality of communication arrangements. Before a movement of the vehicle, at least one parameter representative of the performance is estimated along a planned itinerary for each communication arrangement. Theoretical routing rules are then defined based on the estimated parameters and application requirements. During the movement of the vehicle, at least one parameter representative of the performance is estimated for each communication arrangement. The application stream is then routed by using routing rules determined in response to a comparison between the parameters representative of the performance estimated before movement and the corresponding parameters estimated during the movement.

A routing method for routing an application data stream from a routing device in a vehicle to a receiving device. The routing device has available to it a plurality of communication arrangements. Before a movement of the vehicle, at least one parameter representative of the performance is estimated along a planned itinerary for each communication arrangement. Theoretical routing rules are then defined based on the estimated parameters and application requirements. During the movement of the vehicle, at least one parameter representative of the performance is estimated for each communication arrangement. The application stream is then routed by using routing rules determined in response to a comparison between the parameters representative of the performance estimated before movement and the corresponding parameters estimated during the movement.