A radio communication apparatus includes reception circuitry, which, in operation, receives a first frame transmitted by a first node in a wireless mesh network; and control circuitry, which, in operation, configures a relay destination node as second information in case that the first frame includes first information indicating a third node that performs transmission in cooperation with a second node that transmits a radio signal to a radio link in which communication quality is less than a threshold in the wireless mesh network and in case that the third node included in the first information indicates the radio communication apparatus, the relay destination node being a node to which the second node transmits the first frame, the second information indicating a relay destination node to which the third node transmits the first frame.

A radio communication apparatus includes reception circuitry, which, in operation, receives a first frame transmitted by a first node in a wireless mesh network; and control circuitry, which, in operation, configures a relay destination node as second information in case that the first frame includes first information indicating a third node that performs transmission in cooperation with a second node that transmits a radio signal to a radio link in which communication quality is less than a threshold in the wireless mesh network and in case that the third node included in the first information indicates the radio communication apparatus, the relay destination node being a node to which the second node transmits the first frame, the second information indicating a relay destination node to which the third node transmits the first frame.

A car-loaded communication apparatus comprises: an acquisition part; and a selection part. The acquisition part acquires car information related to a state of a car in which a communication network is constructed inside, or an environment in which the car is placed. The selection part selects a communication route of a flow accommodating a transmission packet(s) from a plurality of communication routes included in the communication network, based on: the car information; and communication route information related to a communication route(s) included in the communication network.

A car-loaded communication apparatus comprises: an acquisition part; and a selection part. The acquisition part acquires car information related to a state of a car in which a communication network is constructed inside, or an environment in which the car is placed. The selection part selects a communication route of a flow accommodating a transmission packet(s) from a plurality of communication routes included in the communication network, based on: the car information; and communication route information related to a communication route(s) included in the communication network.

Presented herein are techniques to facilitate dual-connectivity support for a user equipment (UE) in a hybrid cell virtualized Radio Access Network (vRAN) architecture. In one example, a method may include obtaining, by a node of a mobile network via a first cell of a RAN, a request for a UE to connect to the mobile network via the first cell in which the RAN includes at least one shared cell and at least one unique cell; determining that the UE is allowed for dual-connectivity operation; and providing a policy to the UE, wherein the policy identifies, for each of one or more applications, one of a shared cell operating mode or a unique cell operating mode that the UE is to utilize for each of the one or more applications.

Presented herein are techniques to facilitate dual-connectivity support for a user equipment (UE) in a hybrid cell virtualized Radio Access Network (vRAN) architecture. In one example, a method may include obtaining, by a node of a mobile network via a first cell of a RAN, a request for a UE to connect to the mobile network via the first cell in which the RAN includes at least one shared cell and at least one unique cell; determining that the UE is allowed for dual-connectivity operation; and providing a policy to the UE, wherein the policy identifies, for each of one or more applications, one of a shared cell operating mode or a unique cell operating mode that the UE is to utilize for each of the one or more applications.

A network device includes one or more ports for connecting to a communication network, packet processing circuitry and clock circuitry. The packet processing circuitry is configured to communicate packets over the communication network via the ports. The clock circuitry includes a hardware clock configured to indicate a network time used for synchronizing network devices in the communication network, and a built-in accuracy test circuit configured to check an accuracy of the hardware clock.

A method, a system and a controller for controlling the Quality of Service, QoS, of a wireless link, providing a service from a transmitting entity to a receiving entity is suggested. Once data, decisive of the QoS of the hops of the wireless link has been received, it is determined, based on the received data, that at least one QoS target-value of one of said hops is, or is predicted, not to be met. For each of the mentioned hops, one or more actions for achieving that said at least one QoS target-value is met, is initiated and based on the determining of one or more actions, instructions, instructing at least one of the mobile relay stations how to execute one or more of said determined actions are initiated.

In one embodiment, a gateway label edge router (G-LER) receives a packet destined for a mobile domain that comprises a vehicle label edge router. The G-LER identifies, from among a plurality of primary domains, a particular primary domain that currently has a label switched connection with the mobile domain. The label switched connection connects the vehicle label edge router of the mobile domain and a cluster label edge router of the particular primary domain. The G-LER sends the packet to the cluster label edge router of the particular primary domain for transmission to the vehicle label edge router via the label switched connection. The G-LER tracks when the vehicle label edge router of the mobile domain establishes a new label switched connection with a second cluster label edge router of a different primary domain in the plurality of primary domains than that of the particular primary domain.

In one embodiment, a gateway label edge router (G-LER) receives a packet destined for a mobile domain that comprises a vehicle label edge router. The G-LER identifies, from among a plurality of primary domains, a particular primary domain that currently has a label switched connection with the mobile domain. The label switched connection connects the vehicle label edge router of the mobile domain and a cluster label edge router of the particular primary domain. The G-LER sends the packet to the cluster label edge router of the particular primary domain for transmission to the vehicle label edge router via the label switched connection. The G-LER tracks when the vehicle label edge router of the mobile domain establishes a new label switched connection with a second cluster label edge router of a different primary domain in the plurality of primary domains than that of the particular primary domain.