Embodiments of this disclosure provide methods, apparatuses, non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, and electronic devices for a multicast broadcast service. A method includes: receiving a first multicast broadcast service (MBS) session start request, selecting an intermediate user plane node, transmitting a first user plane MBS session establishment request to the intermediate user plane node, receiving a first user plane MBS session establishment response fed back by the intermediate user plane node and transmitting a second MBS session start request to a son control plane node to instruct the son control plane node to allocate son user plane nodes to the intermediate user plane node.

Systems and methods are described herein for enabling discovery and selection of a WTRU-to-network relay by a remote WTRU and handling a WTRU-to-network relay configuration update. The WTRU-to-network relay may broadcast a service type indicating that the service type is available or conditionally available based on the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may update broadcasting the service type or the indication that the service type as being conditionally available based on update of the WTRU-to-network relay slicing configuration. The WTRU-to-network relay may relay traffic between one or more distinct remote WTRUs and the core network node via a WTRU-to-network relay. The WTRU-to-network relay may reuse an existing PDU session for relay traffic or send a PDU session establishment request to network with the requested PDU session parameters depending on if the session parameters associated with an existing PDU session match the PDU session requirements of the remote WTRU.

Techniques are described for extending a cellular quality of service bearer through an enterprise fabric network. In one example, a method obtaining, by a first switch of a network, a packet to be delivered to a client connected to the network via a cellular access point; identifying quality of service (QoS) bearer information associated with the packet, wherein the QoS bearer information is associated with a radio access bearer for the client and the QoS bearer information comprises a bearer indicator and a QoS class identifier; providing a fabric tunnel encapsulation for the packet, wherein the bearer indicator and the QoS class identifier are included within the fabric tunnel encapsulation of the packet; and forwarding the packet within the fabric tunnel encapsulation toward a second switch of the network via a fabric tunnel, wherein the cellular access point is connected to the network via the second switch.

Disclosed is a method performed by a first core network node, for enhancing service continuity between a wireless device and a second network via a first network, wherein the first core network node is part of the first network. The method comprises receiving, from the wireless device and/or from a second core network node of the first network, control signalling indicating that the wireless device requires that a tunnel between the wireless device and the second network and via a gateway of the first network is maintained. The method comprises controlling a radio access network node and/or the gateway based on the control signalling and a capability of the first core network node of the first network to maintain the tunnel.

Disclosed is a method performed by a first core network node, for enhancing service continuity between a wireless device and a second network via a first network, wherein the first core network node is part of the first network. The method comprises receiving, from the wireless device and/or from a second core network node of the first network, control signalling indicating that the wireless device requires that a tunnel between the wireless device and the second network and via a gateway of the first network is maintained. The method comprises controlling a radio access network node and/or the gateway based on the control signalling and a capability of the first core network node of the first network to maintain the tunnel.

Provided are an information transmission method and apparatus, an information processing method and apparatus, a terminal, a network element, and a storage medium. The information transmission method includes encapsulating non-access stratum (NAS) information and access resource (AS) parameter information in a vendor-specific protocol (VSP) packet, where the NAS information includes NAS system information and NAS customization information, and the AS parameter information is used for wired side resource negotiation; encapsulating establishment signaling of a wired access network control plane channel in a vendor-specific network control protocol (VSNCP) packet; and transmitting, through the VSP packet and the VSNCP packet, the NAS information and the AS parameter information.

Embodiments of this application provide a multicast/broadcast service communication method and an apparatus, and relate to the communication field, to reduce network resource overheads. The method is as follows: A terminal device determines a first multicast/broadcast service, where the first multicast/broadcast service is a multicast/broadcast service that the terminal device is to leave. The terminal device sends a first message, where the first message carries identification information of the first multicast/broadcast service. Embodiments of this application are applied to a mobile communication system such as 5G.

Embodiments of this application provide a multicast/broadcast service communication method and an apparatus, and relate to the communication field, to reduce network resource overheads. The method is as follows: A terminal device determines a first multicast/broadcast service, where the first multicast/broadcast service is a multicast/broadcast service that the terminal device is to leave. The terminal device sends a first message, where the first message carries identification information of the first multicast/broadcast service. Embodiments of this application are applied to a mobile communication system such as 5G.

An illustrative embodiment disclosed herein is a non-transitory computer readable medium. In some embodiments, the medium includes instructions for providing a mobile user monitoring solution that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to capture a first message transmitted over a packet forwarding control protocol (PFCP) interface, extract a permanent ID and a first user plane tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) from the first message, store the permanent ID and the first user plane TEID in a PFCP protocol data unit (PDU) session record, store the permanent ID in a session details record, capture a second message transmitted over a user plane interface after the first message is transmitted, extract a second user plane TEID from the second message, wherein the second user plane TEID matches the first user plane TEID, and retrieve the session details record using the second user plane TEID.

An illustrative embodiment disclosed herein is a non-transitory computer readable medium. In some embodiments, the medium includes instructions for providing a mobile user monitoring solution that, when executed by a processor, cause the processor to capture a first message transmitted over a packet forwarding control protocol (PFCP) interface, extract a permanent ID and a first user plane tunnel endpoint identifier (TEID) from the first message, store the permanent ID and the first user plane TEID in a PFCP protocol data unit (PDU) session record, store the permanent ID in a session details record, capture a second message transmitted over a user plane interface after the first message is transmitted, extract a second user plane TEID from the second message, wherein the second user plane TEID matches the first user plane TEID, and retrieve the session details record using the second user plane TEID.