An ultra-reliable and low latency communications local breakout (URLLC-LBO) method and a URLLC-LBO method for a next generation radio access network (NG-RAN) are provided. The method includes: configuring a core network to establish a packet data unit (PDU) session between first user equipment (UE) and the core network; configuring the first UE to establish a URLLC service; configuring a near real-time RAN intelligent controller (near-RT RIC) to establish an F1-LBO routing process to set an LBO dedicated radio bearer (DRB) for the local URLLC service; configuring an F1-LBO virtual network function (VNF) module according to a traffic rule by the F1-LBO routing process, to establish a routing table through the F1-LBO VNF module, in which the routing table defines a relationship between a first location and a second location of the LBO DRB.

A communication device according to an embodiment is capable of communicating with another communication device via a first network and a second network each transmitting radio signal data by different communication methods. The communication device includes: a first communicator capable of communicating with another communication device via the first network; a second communicator capable of communicating with another communication device via the second network; a delay parameter acquirer to acquire a delay parameter of the first network; and a delay parameter reflector to reflect the delay parameter of the first network acquired by the delay parameter acquirer on a delay parameter of the second network.

A method and computer readable medium for identifying slow base stations and providing impact mitigation are described. In one embodiment, the method includes detecting that a first base station, using a first queue, is slow, wherein a slow base station is a base station that that cannot keep up with the rate at which a core node is generating update messages over a prolonged period; providing a slow base station queue; and moving the first base station from the first queue to the slow base station queue.

One embodiment is directed to a system comprising a distributed unit (DU) and a plurality of remote units (RUs) to wirelessly transmit and receive radio frequency signals to and from the user equipment using a wireless interface. The DU and RUs are communicatively coupled to each other over a fronthaul and are configured to communicate over the fronthaul using an O-RAN fronthaul interface. The DU and RUs are configured to communicate O-RAN control-plane and user-plane messages that include a new O-RAN section extension for use in communicating different section data to different RUs. Other embodiments are disclosed.

Systems, apparatuses, and methods are described for wireless communications. Packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) packet duplication may be configured for a bearer of a wireless device. The bearer may use various cells to send packets. A base station central unit and/or a base station distributed unit may configure the cells for the bearer based on various types of information.

A method where a first network node receives from a second network node a packet with a path identifier value in the header. A plurality of bearers associated with the path are determined based on the path identifier value and used to assign at least one resource to the packet before it is transmitted to a third network node based on the at least one resource.

Embodiments of this application provide a wireless communication method and a terminal device, to flexibly judge, according to configuration information of a network device, whether a PDCP layer entity needs to re-established, thereby preventing a re-establishment operation from being performed when the PDCP layer entity does not need to be re-established, and then reducing signaling overheads. The method includes: receiving, by a terminal device, configuration information that is used to perform mobility management on the terminal device and that is sent by a network device, where the configuration information includes indication information, and the indication information is used to configure a packet data convergence protocol PDCP layer entity; and determining, by the terminal device according to the indication information, whether to re-establish the PDCP layer entity.

Embodiments of this application provide a duplication mode communication processing method in a central unit-distributed unit (CU-DU) architecture. In a possible implementation, in a process of establishing a user plane tunnel between a CU and a DU by exchanging information about uplink tunnel endpoints and information about downlink tunnel endpoints, the DU provides an identity of a primary path to the CU, thereby implementing a duplication mode of a data radio bearer.

Provided are an address sending method and device and a storage medium. The method includes that: one or more first address information of user plane of a RAN node is sent to a core network node through first interface signaling between the core network node and the RAN node, the first address information include a first transport layer IP address and a first GTP-TEID corresponding to the IP address.

Provided are a flow control method and device, a CU and a DU. The method includes: receiving a flow control state message transmitted by a second network element connected to a first network element through a fronthaul interface; where the flow control state message carries flow control state information for identifying a flow control state of the second network element, and where the first network element and the second network element have different functions, and performing a flow control processing according to the flow control state information and interacting the flow control state of the second network element. Further provided is a computer storage medium.