A heating element comprises a main body having a three-dimensional matrix with an open structure including openings and internal voids, cavities and/or pores extending throughout the main body. The three-dimensional matrix is provided as a lattice having a repeating unit cell extending in three directions. The present heating element is adapted for maximised surface area so as to provide an effective and efficient thermal energy transfer medium.

A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.

A flow heater for vehicles is described. The flow heater has a housing, which has an inlet and an outlet. A flow channel for fluid to be heated is disposed in the housing and leads from the fluid inlet to the fluid outlet. A heating plate forms a wall of a heated section of the flow channel and carries an electric heating resistor. A calorimetric flow sensor is provided for measuring a fluid flow in the flow channel.

A heating device, and a method of manufacturing the device, comprises an electrically conductive heating foam, a current conducting foam and two electrodes. The heating foam is divided by interruptions into sections, providing a predefined current path extending from a current lead-in point to a current lead-out point. The electrodes are electrically connected to the current lead-in and lead-out points, respectively, wherein the heating foam is provided on an outside at least in sections with the current conducting foam forming current conducting sections that electrically connect sections of the heating foam to one another. The current lead-in or lead-out point is provided as a connection section of the current conducting foam and extends in a circumferential direction along at least one current conducting section, but is electrically insulated therefrom. The two electrodes are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction by less than 180 degrees.

A heating device, and a method of manufacturing the device, comprises an electrically conductive heating foam, a current conducting foam and two electrodes. The heating foam is divided by interruptions into sections, providing a predefined current path extending from a current lead-in point to a current lead-out point. The electrodes are electrically connected to the current lead-in and lead-out points, respectively, wherein the heating foam is provided on an outside at least in sections with the current conducting foam forming current conducting sections that electrically connect sections of the heating foam to one another. The current lead-in or lead-out point is provided as a connection section of the current conducting foam and extends in a circumferential direction along at least one current conducting section, but is electrically insulated therefrom. The two electrodes are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction by less than 180 degrees.

The present invention relates generally to a method of manufacturing far-infrared radiation thermal wire and far-infrared radiation thermal wire thereby, more particularly, a method of manufacturing far-infrared radiation thermal wire and far-infrared radiation thermal wire manufactured thereby, in which electric power is supplied with a predetermined resistance value. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a method of manufacturing far-infrared radiation thermal wire comprise steps of: making microfine wire that emits far-infrared radiation as it generates heat according to the resistance value when electricity is flowed in; making one strand of thermal wire by bundling many strands of the microfine wire that are in contact of each other; and making two or more groups each of the groups having different resistance value and comprising one or more microfine wires that have identical resistance value in order to make the bundle into an effective geometric structure that well radiates electric dipole radiation while emitting far-infrared radiation.

The invention relates to a PTC heating element (1). The PTC heating element (1) comprises a block-shaped PTC thermistor (2) having two contact surfaces (4a, 4b) and two electrically conductive contact plates (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is arranged between the contact plates (3a, 3b) and facing the contact plates (3a, 3b) with the contact surfaces (4a, 4b). An adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) each is arranged between the contact surface (4a, 4b) and the contact plate (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is firmly connected to the respective contact plates (3a, 3b) by means of the respective bonding layers (6a, 6b) and electrically conductively contacted.

The adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) according to the invention comprises silicone or consists thereof.

The invention relates to a PTC heating element (1). The PTC heating element (1) comprises a block-shaped PTC thermistor (2) having two contact surfaces (4a, 4b) and two electrically conductive contact plates (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is arranged between the contact plates (3a, 3b) and facing the contact plates (3a, 3b) with the contact surfaces (4a, 4b). An adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) each is arranged between the contact surface (4a, 4b) and the contact plate (3a, 3b). The PTC thermistor (2) is firmly connected to the respective contact plates (3a, 3b) by means of the respective bonding layers (6a, 6b) and electrically conductively contacted.

The adhesion-promoting electrically conductive bonding layer (6a, 6b) according to the invention comprises silicone or consists thereof.

A heating element and method for fabricating the same includes: a heating material piece configured to generate heat when being powered. A first substrate is configured to support the heating material piece and a liquid guiding member is configured to guide an atomizing liquid to be heated. The first substrate is a substrate made of a dense material and the heating material piece is a film with a certain resistance formed by a resistive slurry fixed on a surface of the dense material substrate by at least one selected from printing, coating, soaking and spraying. Two wires are electrically connected to the first substrate to form electrodes that are respectively connected to two ends of the film with a certain resistance. The liquid guiding member is a member made of a microporous material fixed outside the first substrate and the heating material piece.

There is provided a pipe heating device, including; a sensor installed in a gas pipe; a heating part having a heat generation portion arranged so as to cover the gas pipe except for a region of the gas pipe where the sensor is installed; and a heat conducting member attached between an outer peripheral surface of the gas pipe and the sensor and formed of a material having a higher thermal conductivity than the gas pipe.