A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, the heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed on the planar attachment face, and clamping elements mechanically fixing the filament arrangement to the electrically insulating substrate and applying a pulling force onto the filament arrangement, at least a portion of the heater assembly being fluid-permeable, and the heater assembly being arranged over the open end of the housing.

A cartridge for an aerosol-generating system is provided, including a liquid storage portion including a housing containing a liquid aerosol-forming substrate, the housing having an open end; and a heater assembly including: an electrical heating element configured to heat the substrate to form an aerosol, the heating element including a planar filament arrangement having one or more electrically conductive filaments, an electrically insulating substrate having a planar attachment face, the filament arrangement disposed on the planar attachment face, and clamping elements mechanically fixing the filament arrangement to the electrically insulating substrate and applying a pulling force onto the filament arrangement, at least a portion of the heater assembly being fluid-permeable, and the heater assembly being arranged over the open end of the housing.

A heater for a vaporizer with air preheating element includes a casing, a tunnel with a perforated bottom, which is a cylindrical heating chamber for placing a cigarette, a heating element of a resistive type, a heat exchanger, including air channels for circulation and preheating of air by a heater, a top end and a bottom end, an air intake hole made in the top end. Outlet holes are communicated with exits of air channels of the heat exchanger for intake of air preheated by the heater in the tunnel. The casing is made in the form of a tape of a thin-film dielectric heat-resistant material, on which a thin layer of resistive material with contacts is applied on the end of one side, forming the heating element, and on the other side a top and bottom spacers are fixed and inclined toward the middle, as well as the edging, which are made of flexible heat-resistant material. The above mentioned tape with a heating element, located on its external side, is rolled into a cylinder and forms a tunnel, and is additionally coiled into several interconnected spiral coils, and forms a spiral casing with the top and bottom ends so that the top and bottom spacers and the edging located on the inside form a spiral heat exchanger comprising the top and bottom and the middle spiral air ducts for spiral and labyrinth circulation and preheating of air, and at the bottom there is an additional inlet hole for air intake.

A heater for a vaporizer with air preheating element includes a casing, a tunnel with a perforated bottom, which is a cylindrical heating chamber for placing a cigarette, a heating element of a resistive type, a heat exchanger, including air channels for circulation and preheating of air by a heater, a top end and a bottom end, an air intake hole made in the top end. Outlet holes are communicated with exits of air channels of the heat exchanger for intake of air preheated by the heater in the tunnel. The casing is made in the form of a tape of a thin-film dielectric heat-resistant material, on which a thin layer of resistive material with contacts is applied on the end of one side, forming the heating element, and on the other side a top and bottom spacers are fixed and inclined toward the middle, as well as the edging, which are made of flexible heat-resistant material. The above mentioned tape with a heating element, located on its external side, is rolled into a cylinder and forms a tunnel, and is additionally coiled into several interconnected spiral coils, and forms a spiral casing with the top and bottom ends so that the top and bottom spacers and the edging located on the inside form a spiral heat exchanger comprising the top and bottom and the middle spiral air ducts for spiral and labyrinth circulation and preheating of air, and at the bottom there is an additional inlet hole for air intake.

An exhaust gas heater for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a carrier arrangement and a heat conductor arrangement which is carried on the carrier arrangement and which has at least one heat conductor through which current flows. At least one heat conductor is carried with respect to the carrier arrangement via at least one carrier arrangement support unit in an electrically insulated manner. At least one carrier arrangement support unit includes a carrier arrangement support element having a curved support face.

An exhaust gas heater for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a carrier arrangement, a heating conductor arrangement which is supported on the carrier arrangement and has at least one current-carrying heating conductor, and a connecting arrangement for the fixed connection of the heating conductor arrangement to the carrier arrangement. The heating conductor arrangement is supported on the carrier arrangement in an electrically insulated manner via the connecting arrangement. The connecting arrangement includes a plurality of connecting elements, the heating conductor arrangement being supported on at least one connecting element via an insulating carrier unit in an electrically insulated manner with regard to the at least one connecting element.

An exhaust gas heater for an exhaust gas system of an internal combustion engine includes a carrier arrangement, a heating conductor arrangement which is supported on the carrier arrangement and has at least one current-carrying heating conductor, and a connecting arrangement for the fixed connection of the heating conductor arrangement to the carrier arrangement. The heating conductor arrangement is supported on the carrier arrangement in an electrically insulated manner via the connecting arrangement. The connecting arrangement includes a plurality of connecting elements, the heating conductor arrangement being supported on at least one connecting element via an insulating carrier unit in an electrically insulated manner with regard to the at least one connecting element.

A LIDAR apparatus is disclosed. A LIDAR apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a cover window which covers a transmission path and reception path of laser light and is disposed in the same, and comprises a heating unit which covers a surface of the cover window and is disposed at the same, and a heating control unit connected to the heating unit to control the same.

An aerosol provision system comprising: an electric heater for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generating material for user inhalation, wherein the electric heater comprises a first portion comprising a first electrically resistive material and a second portion comprising a second electrically resistive material which is different from the first electrically resistive material, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are connected together so that the electric heater comprises a thermocouple junction; and control circuitry configured to make measurements of temperature for the electric heater using the thermocouple junction.

An aerosol provision system comprising: an electric heater for generating an aerosol from an aerosol generating material for user inhalation, wherein the electric heater comprises a first portion comprising a first electrically resistive material and a second portion comprising a second electrically resistive material which is different from the first electrically resistive material, and wherein the first portion and the second portion are connected together so that the electric heater comprises a thermocouple junction; and control circuitry configured to make measurements of temperature for the electric heater using the thermocouple junction.