Described herein is a heater for space equipment that includes a heat pipe. The heater also includes a first layer applied to the heat pipe. The first layer may be made from an electrically non-conductive material. The heater additionally includes a resistance heater printed onto the first layer after the first layer is applied to the heat pipe. The heater includes a second layer adjacent the resistance heater. The resistance heater may be positioned between the first layer and the second layer, and the second layer may be made from an electrically non-conductive material.

An aerosol generating system includes a heater assembly and a manually operated pump. The pump includes a hollow member with an inlet portion and an outlet portion. The inlet portion of the hollow member is configured connectable with a liquid storage portion. The outlet portion of the hollow member is in fluid communication with a dispensing assembly. The pump is configured to dispense a liquid material onto the heater assembly. The pump is configured to pump the liquid material from the liquid storage portion via the dispensing assembly and onto the heater assembly.

A dryer includes a centrifugal impeller, a motor configured to rotate the impeller about a rotation axis which crosses a plane including a blowing axis, and a heater. The impeller is accommodated in a portion including a pair of side surfaces, each of which crosses the rotation axis, and an air inlet defined in at least one of the side surfaces. The impeller includes blades that are annular with the rotation axis as a center. The heater is supported on plate-shaped portions extending in a plurality of directions from the blowing axis in a cross-section perpendicular or substantially perpendicular to the blowing axis. A rear edge of each of the plate-shaped portions with respect to the blowing axis extends in a direction which crosses radially outer edges of the blades with respect to the rotation axis when viewed along the blowing axis.

Disclosed are a novel heat generating body and an atomizer. The novel heat generating body may include a ceramic body, a plurality of micro pores used for liquid infiltration are distributed in the ceramic body, heat generating wires respectively corresponding to two electrodes extend outward from a bottom of the ceramic body, the heat generating wires corresponding to two electrodes are connected by auxiliary heat generating wires arranged on an outer surface of the ceramic body, the auxiliary heat generating wires are distributed on outer surfaces of a bottom and a side wall of the ceramic body, and the auxiliary heat generating wires are metal wires embedded in the outer surfaces of the bottom and the side wall of the ceramic body, or the auxiliary heat generating wires are metal powder/metal wires printed on the outer surfaces of the bottom and the side wall of the ceramic body.

Disclosed are a novel heat generating body and an atomizer. The novel heat generating body may include a ceramic body, a plurality of micro pores used for liquid infiltration are distributed in the ceramic body, heat generating wires respectively corresponding to two electrodes extend outward from a bottom of the ceramic body, the heat generating wires corresponding to two electrodes are connected by auxiliary heat generating wires arranged on an outer surface of the ceramic body, the auxiliary heat generating wires are distributed on outer surfaces of a bottom and a side wall of the ceramic body, and the auxiliary heat generating wires are metal wires embedded in the outer surfaces of the bottom and the side wall of the ceramic body, or the auxiliary heat generating wires are metal powder/metal wires printed on the outer surfaces of the bottom and the side wall of the ceramic body.

An aerosol-generating system includes a storage portion configured to hold an aerosol-forming substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode spaced from the first electrode, and a control system. At least a portion of the storage portion is between the first electrode and the second electrode. The portion of the storage portion between the first electrode and the second electrode holds the aerosol-forming substrate when the aerosol-forming substrate is held in the storage portion. The control system is configured to measure an electrical quantity between the first electrode and the second electrode, and identify the liquid aerosol-forming substrate held in the storage portion based on the measured electrical quantity information.

A multilayer temperature control shell for a test chamber to control the temperature within the interior of the test chamber wherein the multilayer temperature control shell comprises an inner temperature generating zone and an outer temperature insulating zone disposed between an interior layer of sealant and an exterior layer of sealant.

Individual heater device (1) that generates a microclimate between the skin and the layer of clothing of a user such that the body is warmed and the clothing dried, which comprises an interior chamber (A), a generator unit (B) that produces warm air that comprises a motor (C) that actuates a turbine (D) that generates air, the flow of air from this turbine being directed towards an electrical resistance element (E), and it further comprises a casing (120) that contains said generator unit (B), an internal chamber (G) for distribution of the warm air coming from the generator unit (B) and it comprises a plurality of outlet ducts (130) for the warm air towards the exterior. Collective heater device (100) that comprises a gas-powered industrial heater (F), a motor (C) that actuates a turbine (D) that generates air, the flow of air from the turbine being directed towards a heat exchanger (E), wherein the collective heater device further comprises a casing (10′) that contains an internal chamber (20′) for distribution of the warm air coming from an industrial heater (F) and it comprises at least two assemblies (300) that comprise outlet ducts (30′) for the warm air towards the exterior.

This invention provides an annular stereoscopic-heating electronic cigarette with replaceable inner container, comprising: a cylindrical electronic cigarette body; the electronic cigarette body comprises a smoke-filtering member, an annual stereoscopic-heating member and a heat-controlling member; wherein: the annual stereoscopic-heating member comprises an annual stereoscopic-heating casing, and an openwork member for conducting heat. A nickel cadmium (Ni-Cd) heating coil is spirally wind around and firmly contacts the exterior surface of the open member. A replaceable shredded tobacco inner container is sleeved within the openwork member. The exterior of the Ni-Cd heating coil and the bottom of the openwork member are respectively wrapped around by an asbestos heat-insulating layer. A short-circuit contactor is set at the bottom of the annular stereoscopic-heating casing and connects to the Ni-Cd beating coil.

A temperature regulation unit includes a housing, a conduit, a fan, and a thermal element. The housing has a sidewall with an upper end and a lower end. The sidewall defines an internal cavity. The conduit is disposed within the internal cavity of the housing and defines a passage. The conduit has a first end and an opposing second end. The fan is positioned within the internal cavity of the housing at the first end of the conduit. The fan is configured to provide an airflow to the passage of the conduit. The thermal element is positioned within the passage of the conduit. The thermal element is configured to thermally regulate a temperature of the airflow flowing past the thermal element and out of the opposing second end of the conduit.