There is provided a device for generating an inhalable aerosol or gas, the device including an aerosol generating material having an integrated electrical resistance heating element, so that the aerosol generating material may be heated in direct contact with the electrical resistance heating element, wherein the aerosol generating material is provided as a unitary structure or coating which may be heated to generate multiple deliveries of an inhalable aerosol or gas. There is also provided a method for fabricating the device. There is also provided the use of the device and the use of the aerosol generating material, to generate an inhalable aerosol or gas.

A system such as a vehicle may have windows with one or more conductive layers. The conductive layers may form part of an infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer. The infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer may be formed as a coating on a transparent structural window layer such as an outer or inner glass layer in a laminated window or may be embedded in a polymer layer between the outer and inner layers. Segmented terminals and elongated terminals that may extend past two or more segmented terminals may be coupled to the edges of the conductive layers. Using these terminals, control circuitry can apply localized ohmic heating currents and can make resistance measurements on the conductive layers to detect cracks.

A system such as a vehicle may have windows with one or more conductive layers. The conductive layers may form part of an infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer. The infrared-light-blocking layer or other layer may be formed as a coating on a transparent structural window layer such as an outer or inner glass layer in a laminated window or may be embedded in a polymer layer between the outer and inner layers. Segmented terminals and elongated terminals that may extend past two or more segmented terminals may be coupled to the edges of the conductive layers. Using these terminals, control circuitry can apply localized ohmic heating currents and can make resistance measurements on the conductive layers to detect cracks.

A heater substrate has an insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side relative to the first surface and at least one heating element of spiral shape including plural heater wire pieces and positioned in or on the insulating substrate. The heating element of spiral shape has at least one adjustment section including a turn of all or some of the plural heater wire pieces. The plural heater wire pieces include a first heater wire piece and a second heater wire piece adjacent to the inner side of the first heater wire piece. In the adjustment section, the length of the first heater wire piece is smaller than the length of the second heater wire piece.

A heater substrate has an insulating substrate having a first surface and a second surface on the opposite side relative to the first surface and at least one heating element of spiral shape including plural heater wire pieces and positioned in or on the insulating substrate. The heating element of spiral shape has at least one adjustment section including a turn of all or some of the plural heater wire pieces. The plural heater wire pieces include a first heater wire piece and a second heater wire piece adjacent to the inner side of the first heater wire piece. In the adjustment section, the length of the first heater wire piece is smaller than the length of the second heater wire piece.

A heating-wire device. The heating-wire device includes at least one heating wire, a heating region, which comprises the at least one heating wire embedded therein and can be heated by the heating wire; a current source, which is connected to the heating wire and is configured to apply a current to the heating wire and heat it; a controller, using which the current source can be controlled; a first adhesion-promoting layer, which is arranged on a surface of the heating wire and surrounds the surface thereof, wherein the heating region surrounds the first adhesion-promoting layer.

A heating-wire device. The heating-wire device includes at least one heating wire, a heating region, which comprises the at least one heating wire embedded therein and can be heated by the heating wire; a current source, which is connected to the heating wire and is configured to apply a current to the heating wire and heat it; a controller, using which the current source can be controlled; a first adhesion-promoting layer, which is arranged on a surface of the heating wire and surrounds the surface thereof, wherein the heating region surrounds the first adhesion-promoting layer.

Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing heating elements for vehicle interior materials, which includes forming a base part having the same shape as a curved surface of a subject, forming an electrode part on an upper surface of the base part, and stacking a heating part on upper surfaces of the base part and electrode part. Accordingly, the heating element is manufactured in advance to have the same shape as the curved surface of the subject and then adhered to the subject so that the heating element is overlapped on and pressed against the subject without deformation. Thus, it is possible to make overall temperature distribution uniform and improve product quality.

Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing heating elements for vehicle interior materials, which includes forming a base part having the same shape as a curved surface of a subject, forming an electrode part on an upper surface of the base part, and stacking a heating part on upper surfaces of the base part and electrode part. Accordingly, the heating element is manufactured in advance to have the same shape as the curved surface of the subject and then adhered to the subject so that the heating element is overlapped on and pressed against the subject without deformation. Thus, it is possible to make overall temperature distribution uniform and improve product quality.

A small diameter sheath heater with improved reliability is provided. The sheath heater according to one embodiment of the present invention includes a metal sheath, a heating wire having a band shape, the heating wire arranged with a gap within the metal sheath so as to rotate with respect to an axis direction of the metal sheath, an insulating material arranged in the gap, and connection terminals arranged at one end of the metal sheath, the connection terminals electrically connected with both ends of the heating wire respectively.