A monitoring device includes a comparison unit and a clock control unit. The comparison unit is configured to compare a signal level of a transmission signal and a signal level of a monitoring signal that has received the transmission signal with each other at a timing synchronized with a clock signal. The clock control unit is configured to detect the signal level of the monitoring signal and synchronize the clock signal with a timing when the signal level of the monitoring signal changes.

A return-type wiring structure having multiple devices and units capable of being flexibly increased and decreased comprising a plurality of light-emitting devices or illuminating devices, a power plug or an input terminal, and a power socket or an output terminal; the plurality of light-emitting devices or illuminating devices are divided into a plurality of collection units; each collection unit comprises at least two light-emitting devices or illuminating devices; the plurality of light-emitting devices or illuminating devices of each collection unit are first connected in parallel, and then the plurality of collection units are connected in series, thereby forming a total connection unit.

A light system including: light branches extending in parallel to one another with each of the light branches have lights that provide light to a region around a vehicle, the light branches include: a primary light branch include: a bias circuit and a switch; and secondary light branches that are controlled by the primary light branch; wherein electricity is provided to the light branches and when all of the lights on the light branches are operating properly the electricity maintains the switch in a closed position; and when any of the lights fail or are not operating properly, electricity is prevented from extending through the light branch, by the lights that have failed, and the electricity continues to extend through the light branches that are operating properly so that the electricity that extends to the switch is not sufficient to maintain the switch in the closed position.

A light system including: light branches extending in parallel to one another with each of the light branches have lights that provide light to a region around a vehicle, the light branches include: a primary light branch include: a bias circuit and a switch; and secondary light branches that are controlled by the primary light branch; wherein electricity is provided to the light branches and when all of the lights on the light branches are operating properly the electricity maintains the switch in a closed position; and when any of the lights fail or are not operating properly, electricity is prevented from extending through the light branch, by the lights that have failed, and the electricity continues to extend through the light branches that are operating properly so that the electricity that extends to the switch is not sufficient to maintain the switch in the closed position.

A lighting system including monitoring of input power and output power parameters to a set of lighting loads to detect power faults and/or anomalies. The set of sensing circuits include primary side and secondary side sensing circuits that communicate with a set of monitoring circuits to process the information supplied by the sensing circuits. If a fault and/or anomaly is sensed or detected, a signal is transmitted to provide an alert.

Disclosed is a backlight test circuit including N circuit blocks. Each circuit block includes M mini-LED circuits, and each mini-LED circuit includes L mini-LEDs and a switching circuit. The L mini-LEDs are connected in parallel or in serial as a mini-LED set. The switching circuit controls the turning on and the turning off of the mini-LED set according to a control signal. N, M and M are positive integers. During a backlight test, in each circuit block, at least one of the mini-LED sets is turned on. By using this backlight test circuit, the abnormal mini-LED circuit can be found. Thus, a producer can only execute a rework process for the abnormal mini-LED circuit without extra cost.

Systems and methods for limiting inrush current spikes in multi-load systems are disclosed. Inrush current limiting modules according to some embodiments comprise programmable microcontrollers and logic activated switches that connect loads to main power in a staggered and non-simultaneous manner thereby limiting inrush current spikes. Applications include agricultural grow systems employing multiple grow light fixtures and other high power and multiple load systems. Programmable logic controlled switching mechanisms operating under reserve power and integrated into power supplies are also disclosed. Also disclosed are systems and methods for uniform dimming of high power LED lighting fixtures.

An optical system includes a plurality of laser light sources and an optical component. A first set of one or more laser light sources is configured to emit optical disinfection light at the optical component. A second set of one or more laser light sources is configured to emit optical communication light at the optical component. The optical component is configured to distribute the optical disinfection light in a first light distribution pattern, and to distribute the optical communication light in a second light distribution pattern. The optical component includes a first set of one or more metamaterial structures configured to distribute, in the first light distribution pattern, the optical disinfection light that is incident on the optical component, and a second set of one or more metamaterial structures configured to distribute, in the second light distribution pattern, the optical communication light that is incident on the optical component.

An optical system includes a plurality of laser light sources and an optical component. A first set of one or more laser light sources is configured to emit optical disinfection light at the optical component. A second set of one or more laser light sources is configured to emit optical communication light at the optical component. The optical component is configured to distribute the optical disinfection light in a first light distribution pattern, and to distribute the optical communication light in a second light distribution pattern. The optical component includes a first set of one or more metamaterial structures configured to distribute, in the first light distribution pattern, the optical disinfection light that is incident on the optical component, and a second set of one or more metamaterial structures configured to distribute, in the second light distribution pattern, the optical communication light that is incident on the optical component.

An illumination device and method are provided herein for calibrating individual LEDs in the illumination device to obtain a desired luminous flux and a desired chromaticity of the device over changes in drive current, temperature, and over time as the LEDs age. The calibration method may include subjecting the illumination device to a first ambient temperature, successively applying at least three different drive currents to a first LED to produce illumination at three or more different levels of brightness, obtaining a plurality of optical measurements from the illumination produced by the first LED at each of the at least three different drive currents, obtaining a plurality of electrical measurements from the photodetector and storing results of the obtaining steps within the illumination device to calibrate the first LED at the first ambient temperature. The plurality of optical measurements may generally include luminous flux and chromaticity, the plurality of electrical measurements may generally include induced photocurrents and forward voltages, and the calibration method steps may be repeated for each LED included within the illumination device and upon subjecting the illumination device to a second ambient temperature.