A composite structure, exhaust aftertreatment system, and method of manufacture. The composite structure includes a body that includes an array of intersecting walls that form a plurality of channels extending in an axial direction through the body such that adjacent channels are located on opposite sides of each wall. A composite material of the body includes a first phase of a porous glass or ceramic containing material. The first phase includes an internal interconnected porosity. A second phase of an electrically conductive material is included that is a continuous, three-dimensional, interconnected, electrically conductive phase at least partially filling the internal interconnected porosity of the first phase, which creates an electrical path through at least some of the walls in a lateral direction perpendicular to the axial direction between the opposite sides of the walls.

An aerosol-generating system includes a liquid storage portion for holding a liquid aerosol-forming substrate; a pair of electrodes arranged adjacent to or in the liquid storage portion; a sensor configured to sense an orientation of the liquid storage portion; and a control system configured to, measure an electrical quantity between the pair of electrodes, receive orientation information from the sensor, and determine an amount of liquid aerosol-forming substrate held in the liquid storage portion based on electrical quantity information measured between the pair of electrodes and the orientation information received from the sensor, wherein the liquid storage portion has a length and the pair of electrodes extend substantially the length of the liquid storage portion.

A heating element includes an electrode array having first and second interdigitated electrodes. The first electrode is configured to have a first polarity, and the second electrode is configured to have a second polarity. The electrode array substantially encloses a plurality of regions. The heating element further includes a heating surface including a layer of a carbon allotrope material having a first electrical resistance. The electrode array is in electrical communication with the carbon allotrope material.

A positive temperature coefficient (PTC) heater including a PTC layer formed of a material exhibiting a non-linear change in resistance in response to changes in temperature, an electrode layer including first and second electrodes disposed atop the PTC layer, each of the first and second electrodes including a spine and a plurality of tines extending inwardly therefrom, with the spine of the first electrode oriented parallel to the spine of the second electrode and with the tines of the first electrode disposed in an interdigitated relationship with the tines of the second electrode, an adhesive layer including first and second adhesive strips disposed atop the spines of the first and second electrodes, respectively, and a busbar layer including first and second busbars disposed atop the first and second adhesive strips, respectively, and adhered to the spines of the first and second electrodes by the first and second adhesive strips, respectively.

An aerosol-generating device is disclosed. The aerosol-generating device includes a body including an insertion space to allow a stick to be inserted into the insertion space and a heater disposed in the body and including a heat generating portion configured to heat the insertion space. The heat generating portion includes a heat generating layer surrounding the insertion space and a wiring layer stacked on the heat generating layer and configured to supply a current. The heat generating portion has a thickness varying in the depth direction of the insertion space.

A heating device configured to be installed in a motor vehicle interior includes a heating structure and an electrical connector. The heating structure includes a resistive layer configured to produce a release of heat when the resistive layer has an electric current passing through it. The heating structure also includes at least two distribution electrodes that are in electrical contact with the resistive layer to allow an electric current to flow through the resistive layer. The electrical connector includes at least two electrical-contact regions. One of the electrical-contact regions is in electrical contact with one of the distribution electrodes. The other electrical-contact region is in contact with the other distribution electrode. The electrical connector includes an edge extending from one of the electrical-contact regions towards the other electrical-contact region.

A heated seat comprising: a cushion with one or more trench areas; a heater comprising: a carrier with a periphery, the carrier further including: a first electrically functional layer that is made of a conductive material that substantially circumscribes at least a portion of the carrier; and a second electrically functional layer that is made of a resistive material; one or more electrical conductors attached to the first electrically functional layer; a trim layer that covers the cushion when the heater is placed over the cushion; and wherein the periphery includes a first side edge and a second side edge, and each side edge includes a cutout, and the cutouts are located adjacent to each other forming a neck portion; wherein the heater is attached to the cushion by placing an attachment device over the neck portion of the heater and securing one or both ends of the attachment device to the cushion so that the neck portion is pulled into the trench; wherein the neck portion is free of the second electrically functional layer; and wherein the first electrically functional layer and the second electrically functional layer form a checkered pattern.

The present invention relates to a heat-generating film and to a heat-generating product comprising same. The heat-generating film of the present invention can continuously and stably generate heat even at a low voltage, for example, at a voltage of 12V or lower. In addition, the heat-generating film of the present invention has excellent comfort properties, filling properties, and flexibility. Accordingly, the heat-generating film of the present invention can be applied to a variety of heat-generating products, for example to a heat-generating sheet for a vehicle or for a baby stroller, or to a variety of portable heat-generating products or the like to exhibit superior effects.

A heater usable with an image heating apparatus includes first and second terminals, a connector, and an endless heating belt. At least one first contact is provided on a substrate and connectable with the first terminal through the connector, and second contacts are provided on the substrate and connectable with the second terminal through the connector. The heater also includes electrodes, including a first electrode connected with the first contact and second electrodes connected with the second contacts, the first electrodes and the second electrodes being arranged alternately with predetermined gaps in a longitudinal direction of the substrate. A plurality of heat generating portions are provided between adjacent electrodes so as to connect between adjacent electrodes, and are capable of generating heat by the electric power supply between adjacent electrodes. The first contact and the second contacts are all disposed in one longitudinal end portion side of the substrate.

There is disclosed a heater for an automotive vehicle or other article of manufacture. The heater typically includes a first conductive medium and a second conductive medium disposed upon a carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the first conductive medium includes a first section and a second section that are electrically connected by a second conductive medium. The second conductive medium preferably exhibits a positive thermal coefficient.