The present disclosure relates to a method for manufacturing a heating element, which includes the steps of: preparing a first bonding film; forming a conductive heating pattern on the first bonding film; and laminating a second bonding film and a transparent substrate on the first bonding film, where the second bonding film is disposed on a surface opposite to the surface provided with the conductive heating pattern of the first bonding film, and the conductive heating pattern is formed by using an adhesive film having an adhesive strength decrement of 30% or greater by an external stimulus based on adhesive strength before the external stimulus.

The invention relates to an electric surface heater, or heating mat, based on an electrically conductive polymer foil or a conductive polymer foam that only heats locally where persons, animals or objects are positioned on the mat. Energy can thereby be saved in comparison with a full-area heater. Ideally, this local heat generation functions without any external electronic control or regulation.

A method of making a heater includes an aluminum nitride base having equal to or less than 1% impurities, particularly one embodiment having none of polybrominated biphenyl, polybrominated diphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated paraffin, phthalate, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, and mercury. The base is fired in a heating unit before any layering. Thereafter, on a topside and backside of the base a conductor layer is layered and allowed to settle and dry before firing. Next, a resistive layer is layered on the base from a resistor paste such that the resistive layer connects to the conductor layer on the topside. The resistor paste is allowed to settle and dry and then the base with the conductor and resistor layers is fired. At least four layers of glass are layered next over the resistive layer, each instance thereof including layering a glass, drying the glass and firing.

A surface heater including a substrate, an insulating layer positioned on the substrate, and a heater layer positioned on the insulating layer, wherein the insulating layer and the heating layer are co-fired.

A method of producing a vehicle glass assembly, includes (A) providing a connector made of metal plate and comprising a first flat portion, a second flat portion and a bridge portion connecting between the first and the second flat portions, each the flat portion having a respective surface to be soldered, (B) soldering lead-free solder onto the surfaces to form first and second blocks of lead-free solder on the surfaces of the first flat portion and the second flat portion, respectively, (C) providing a glass substrate layer on which an electrically conductive layer comprising a wire pattern and a busbar is formed, and (D) sandwiching the lead-free solder blocks between their respective surfaces and the busbar, and then melting the blocks to form solder connections between the connector and the busbar; wherein the amount of lead-free solder in each of the blocks is between 15 mg and 50 mg.

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices. The aerosol delivery devices may include a reservoir containing a liquid aerosol precursor composition and an atomizer including an electrical resistance heating element and a nonfibrous liquid transport element having a microtextured surface adapted for surface wicking of the liquid aerosol precursor composition across the microtextured surface, the microtextured surface of the liquid transport element being in fluid communication with the reservoir and in fluid communication with the electric resistance heating element.

Embodiments of the invention provide self-regulating heater cables utilizing substantially solid polymeric buffer layers surrounding the heating elements having improved heat transfer efficiency as well as improved reliability and endurance. The assembly includes first and second power supply wires configured to carry electrical power and separated by a solid spacer, a substantially solid electrically-insulating buffer layer in thermal contact with the heating element, and a cable jacket including a polymeric outer surface and an inner metallic sheath surrounding the buffer layer and in thermal contact with the buffer layer. The buffer layer includes a polymeric material having a thermal conductivity greater than air at standard temperature and pressure and surrounds the heating element, power supply wires, and spacer.

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices. The aerosol delivery devices may include a reservoir containing a liquid aerosol precursor composition and an atomizer including an electrical resistance heating element and a nonfibrous liquid transport element having a microtextured surface adapted for surface wicking of the liquid aerosol precursor composition across the microtextured surface, the microtextured surface of the liquid transport element being in fluid communication with the reservoir and in fluid communication with the electric resistance heating element.

The present disclosure relates to aerosol delivery devices. The aerosol delivery devices may include a reservoir containing a liquid aerosol precursor composition and an atomizer including an electrical resistance heating element and a nonfibrous liquid transport element having a microtextured surface adapted for surface wicking of the liquid aerosol precursor composition across the microtextured surface, the microtextured surface of the liquid transport element being in fluid communication with the reservoir and in fluid communication with the electric resistance heating element.

A method of making a heater includes an aluminum nitride base having equal to or less than 1% impurities, particularly one embodiment having none of polybrominated biphenyl, polybrominated diphenyl ether, hexabromocyclododecane, polyvinyl chloride, chlorinated paraffin, phthalate, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, lead, and mercury. The base is fired in a heating unit before any layering. Thereafter, on a topside and backside of the base a conductor layer is layered and allowed to settle and dry before firing. Next, a resistive layer is layered on the base from a resistor paste such that the resistive layer connects to the conductor layer on the topside. The resistor paste is allowed to settle and dry and then the base with the conductor and resistor layers is fired. At least four layers of glass are layered next over the resistive layer, each instance thereof including layering a glass, drying the glass and firing.