This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

The present invention relates to a method of preventing or treating keloids using a liquid plasma. A liquid plasma according to the present invention is remarkably effective in inhibiting the generation and proliferation of keloids, thus being expected to be greatly utilized for the prevention and treatment of keloids.

The present disclosure provides a liquid treatment device and a liquid treatment method each capable of efficiently generating plasma and treating a liquid in a short time period. A liquid treatment device according to the present disclosure includes a first electrode, a second electrode disposed in a liquid, an insulator disposed surrounding the first electrode through a space, the insulator having an opening portion at a position in contact with the liquid, and a power supply that applies an AC voltage or a pulse voltage between the first electrode and the second electrode.

A submerged plasma generator includes: a reactor inside of which a flow path, through which a working fluid passes, is formed along a lengthwise direction; and a dielectric insert which is disposed in the flow path so as to define the flow path into one space and the other space, and has formed therein a through-hole to generate micro-nano bubbles by cavitation in the working fluid fed into the one space of the flow path, and includes, a metallic catalyst which undergoes friction with the working fluid flowing through the through-hole and releases electric charges of the same polarity to the micro-nano bubbles to collapse the micro-nano bubbles and generate plasma; in which the other space of the flow path in which the working fluid ionized by exposure to the plasma travels is formed in an oval structure.

A system and method for evaluating a bond is provided. The system uses an underwater spark discharge to generate a compression wave in a first vessel containing a liquid. The system further includes a second vessel in which a vacuum is pulled to hold the first vessel against a bonded structure being inspected. The compression wave is directed to propagate from the liquid into the bonded structure to apply a known force to the bond being inspected.

A system for generating a plasma discharge in liquid utilizes first and second electrodes spaced apart in an interior space of a vessel holding the liquid. A channel can be defined in certain embodiments at least partially by at least one of the first and second electrodes, and an inlet in fluid communication with the interior space is configured to generate a vortical fluid flow in the vessel. A method for generating a plasma discharge in liquid is also provided. A high voltage electrode for generating a plasma discharge in liquid that includes a central solid cylindrical rod is also provided.

An apparatus for treating a substrate includes a support unit that supports the substrate and a nozzle that dispenses liquid plasma to etch a film formed on the substrate supported on the support unit.

A dielectric assembly for a plasma reactor includes a first dielectric layer having a first surface, and a second surface opposite the first surface, a second dielectric layer, thinner than the first dielectric layer, have a third surface, and a fourth surface opposite the third surface, and an electrode disposed between the second surface and the third surface. The electrode may be ring shaped and/or disposed on a spherical surface. A non-reactive coating may be disposed on a surface of the dielectric assembly exposed to a plasma chamber of the plasma reactor. The coating may be disposed in the form of rings with a gap between each ring.

A plasma generator generates atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma (cold plasma), and includes a first electrode, a second electrode arranged so as to define a predetermined gap between a planar bottom surface of the first electrode and a planar top surface of the second electrode; at least one supplemental electrode, a first dielectric layer, a second dielectric layer, at least one supplemental top dielectric layer having a relative permittivity between 2 and 500, and a thickness of 3 mm or less, at least one supplemental bottom dielectric layer having a relative permittivity between 2 and 500, and a thickness of 3 mm or less, and a power supply configured to supply electrical power to the first, second, and supplemental electrodes at a predetermined voltage and frequency, such that, based on the predetermined gaps between the first, second, and supplemental electrodes, atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma is generated.

A plasma generator generates atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma (cold plasma), and includes a first electrode; a second electrode opposing the first electrode so as to define a predetermined gap therebetween; at least one supplemental electrode opposing a planar top surface of the second electrode and a planar bottom surface of the first electrode; a first dielectric layer; at least one supplemental dielectric layer that is disposed on a additional planar bottom surface of the at least one supplemental electrode having a relative permittivity between 2 and 500, and a thickness of 3 mm or less; and a power supply configured to supply electrical power to the first and second electrodes at a predetermined voltage and frequency, such that, based on the predetermined gap between the first and second electrodes, atmospheric pressure, low-temperature plasma is generated.