A method for producing a plasma processed liquid, including: a supply step of supplying a liquid to be processed to a container; a discharge step of discharging the liquid to be processed from the container while supplying the liquid to be processed to the container in the supply step; and an irradiation step of irradiating the liquid to be processed supplied to the container with plasma, in which the plasma processed liquid is produced by irradiation of plasma in the irradiation step.

A plasma generated by a plasma generator is used to activate a fluid in a variety of ways to generate a plasma activated liquid or gas. The plasma generator may be controlled to optimize, such as maximize, a radical concentration in the plasma activated liquid or gas. The plasma activated fluid may be applied to various items, surfaces, and/or added to fluid volumes to affect chemical specifies and organism therein.

Some embodiments are directed to a decomposing and collection apparatus for use with a fluid. The apparatus includes an assembly for generating ions via applying atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma to the fluid and separating the generated ions. The assembly includes multiple plasma generator and separator units that are vertically stacked relative to each other. Each of the multiple plasma generator and separator units includes a plasma generator for generating the generating atmospheric pressure, low temperature plasma, and a separator disposed to receive the positively and negatively ions ejected from the plasma generator and configured to redirect the received positively charged ions in one direction and the received negatively charged ions are redirected to another direction different from the one direction. The apparatus also includes a collector configured to collect at least one of the redirected positively charged ions and the negatively charged ions.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, there is provided a device for forming at least a diamond film on a surface of a substrate, the device comprising: a container configured to hold a raw material liquid and to place the substrate in the raw material liquid; an electrode part comprising a positive electrode and a negative electrode and configured to generate a plasma in the raw material liquid; a raw material gas supply part and a carrier gas supply part, each of the raw material gas supply part and the carrier gas supply part being connected to the electrode part; and a power source configured to apply a voltage to the electrode part, wherein the power source is a direct current power source, and the electrode part further comprises an adjunctive member, and the adjunctive member is attached to an electrode at a plasma generation region of the electrode part.

An apparatus for treating a substrate includes a support unit that supports the substrate and a nozzle that dispenses liquid plasma to etch a film formed on the substrate supported on the support unit.

This disclosure provides methods, systems, and compositions of matter for studying solvent accessibility and three-dimensional structure of biological molecules. A plasma can be used to generate marker radicals, which can interact with a biological molecule and mark the solvent-accessible portions of the biological molecule.

A plasma irradiation apparatus including a container configured to store a liquid to be treated; a plasma generating device configured to generate plasma to irradiate the liquid to be treated stored in the container; and a container temperature measuring instrument configured to measure a temperature of the container.