A plasma source is provided. The plasma source includes at least three hollow cathodes, including a first hollow cathode, a second hollow cathode, and a third hollow cathode, each hollow cathode having a plasma exit region. The plasma source includes a source of power capable of producing multiple output waves, including a first output wave, a second output wave, and a third output wave, wherein the first output wave and the second output wave are out of phase, the second output wave and the third output wave are out of phase, and the first output wave and the third output wave are out of phase. Each hollow cathode is electrically connected to the source of power such that the first hollow cathode is electrically connected to the first output wave, the second hollow cathode is electrically connected to the second output wave, and the third hollow cathode is electrically connected to the third output wave. Electrical current flows between the at least three hollow cathodes that are out of electrical phase. The plasma source is capable of generating a plasma between the hollow cathodes.

An arrangement for heat transfer to a melt in a tundish in a continuous casting process, wherein the tundish includes at least one outlet and an inlet, the arrangement including a heating chamber, a plasma heating apparatus including a plasma torch positioned inside the heating chamber, wherein the plasma heating apparatus is mounted on an arm and arranged to operate through a hole in the heating chamber with a distance to the melt and an electromagnetic stirrer placed outside of the heating chamber and arranged to electromagnetically stir the melt. The heating chamber further includes a pair of weirs installed at an upper part of the heating chamber and a pair of dams installed at a lower part of the heating chamber and the electromagnetic stirrer is arranged to electromagnetically stir the melt in a region of the heating chamber, wherein the region is enclosed by the weirs and dams.

An arrangement for heat transfer to a melt in a tundish in a continuous casting process, wherein the tundish includes at least one outlet and an inlet, the arrangement including a heating chamber, a plasma heating apparatus including a plasma torch positioned inside the heating chamber, wherein the plasma heating apparatus is mounted on an arm and arranged to operate through a hole in the heating chamber with a distance to the melt and an electromagnetic stirrer placed outside of the heating chamber and arranged to electromagnetically stir the melt. The heating chamber further includes a pair of weirs installed at an upper part of the heating chamber and a pair of dams installed at a lower part of the heating chamber and the electromagnetic stirrer is arranged to electromagnetically stir the melt in a region of the heating chamber, wherein the region is enclosed by the weirs and dams.

Systems and methods are disclosed that include an operation chamber, a plasma generator having at least one plasma head disposed within the operation chamber and in proximity to a profile formed by cutting a piece of tubing, and a mechanical motion module. The plasma generator generates a plasma treatment and applies the plasma treatment via the at least one plasma head to the profile to activate material on an end surface of the profile, within a lumen of the profile, or a combination thereof. Once the material of the profile is activated by the plasma treatment, the mechanical motion module manipulates the profile to close the lumen of the profile to aseptically seal the profile.

Systems and methods are disclosed that include an operation chamber, a plasma generator having at least one plasma head disposed within the operation chamber and in proximity to a profile formed by cutting a piece of tubing, and a mechanical motion module. The plasma generator generates a plasma treatment and applies the plasma treatment via the at least one plasma head to the profile to activate material on an end surface of the profile, within a lumen of the profile, or a combination thereof. Once the material of the profile is activated by the plasma treatment, the mechanical motion module manipulates the profile to close the lumen of the profile to aseptically seal the profile.

A plasma treatment system includes a plasma arc torch, a tee attached to a hollow electrode nozzle of the plasma arc torch, and a screw feed unit or a ram feed unit having an inlet and an outlet attached to the tee. The plasma arc torch includes a cylindrical vessel having a first end and a second end, a first tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the first end, a second tangential inlet/outlet connected to or proximate to the second end, an electrode housing connected to the first end of the cylindrical vessel such that a first electrode is (a) aligned with a longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel, and (b) extends into the cylindrical vessel, and a hollow electrode nozzle connected to the second end of the cylindrical vessel such that a centerline of the hollow electrode nozzle is aligned with the longitudinal axis of the cylindrical vessel.

An irradiator includes: a piezoelectric transformer accommodated in a housing; a first electrode connected to the piezoelectric transformer, to which a voltage is applied from the piezoelectric transformer; and an irradiation opening that ejects at least one of a plasma generated by the first electrode and an active gas generated by the plasma. At least a part of the first electrode is located between the piezoelectric transformer and the irradiation opening.

An irradiator includes: a piezoelectric transformer accommodated in a housing; a first electrode connected to the piezoelectric transformer, to which a voltage is applied from the piezoelectric transformer; and an irradiation opening that ejects at least one of a plasma generated by the first electrode and an active gas generated by the plasma. At least a part of the first electrode is located between the piezoelectric transformer and the irradiation opening.

The disclosure relates to compositions and methods for treating cancer using cold atmospheric plasma-modified extracellular vesicles generated using a CAP jet device.

The disclosure relates to compositions and methods for treating cancer using cold atmospheric plasma-modified extracellular vesicles generated using a CAP jet device.