An imaging element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; an organic layer; a first semiconductor layer; and a second semiconductor layer. The second electrode is disposed to be opposed to the first electrode. The organic layer is provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The organic layer includes at least a photoelectric conversion layer. The first semiconductor layer is provided between the second electrode and the organic layer. The first semiconductor layer includes at least one of a carbon-containing compound or an inorganic compound. The carbon-containing compound has a greater electron affinity than a work function of the first electrode. The inorganic compound has a greater work function than the work function of the first electrode. The second semiconductor layer is provided between the second electrode and the first semiconductor layer. The second semiconductor layer has an absolute value B of a difference between a HOMO (Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital) level and a Fermi level of the second electrode or has, near the Fermi level, an in-gap level having a state density of 1/10000 or more as compared with the HOMO level. The absolute value B is greater than or equal to an absolute value A of a difference between a first LUMO (Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital) level and the Fermi level. The first LUMO level is calculated from an optical band gap.

A solar cell is described that comprises a transparent conductor sheet having a polymeric substrate with an embedded metal grid, disposed within microchannels extending partially through a thickness of polymeric substrate from a first surface of the polymeric substrate; and a photoactive layer disposed adjacent to the first surface of the polymeric substrate. The transparent conductor sheet has a sheet resistance less than 1 Ω/□ and an average solar direct transmittance over the visible and infrared portion of the spectrum of at least about 80%.

A photoelectric conversion device includes: a substrate; a first photoelectric conversion element including a first substrate electrode, a first photoelectric conversion layer, and a first counter electrode; a second photoelectric conversion element including a second substrate electrode, a second photoelectric conversion layer, and a second counter electrode; and a connection including a groove, a conductive portion and a conductive layer, the conductive portion being provided in the groove and including a part of the first counter electrode, and the conductive portion and the conductive layer electrically connecting the first counter electrode and the second substrate electrode. The conductive layer overlaps the first counter electrode on an edge of the groove, and a total thickness of the conductive portion and the conductive layer is larger than a thickness of the first counter electrode.

Provided is a highly convenient, useful, or reliable novel organic compound represented by General Formula (G1), where A.sup.1 represents any of hydrogen, deuterium, an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and a diarylamino group; Ar.sup.1 to Ar.sup.4 each independently represent any of an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and a diarylamino group; and R.sup.1 to R.sup.6 each independently represent any of hydrogen, deuterium, an alkyl group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 25 carbon atoms, a heteroaryl group having 2 to 25 carbon atoms, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 13 carbon atoms.

##STR00001##

Disclosed are a hybrid structure using a graphene-carbon nanotube and a perovskite solar cell using the same. The hybrid structure includes a graphene-carbon nanotube formed by laminating a second graphene coated with a polymer on an upper surface of a first graphene coated with a carbon nanotube. The perovskite solar cell includes: a substrate; a first electrode formed on the substrate and including a fluorine doped thin oxide (FTO); an electron transfer layer formed on the first electrode and including a compact-titanium oxide (c-TiO.sub.2); a mesoporous-titanium oxide (m-TiO.sub.2) formed on the electron transfer layer; a perovskite layer formed on the m-TiO.sub.2 and including a perovskite compound; and a graphene-carbon nanotube hybrid structure formed on the perovskite layer.

A solid-state imaging element including: a photoelectric conversion layer, a first electrode and a second electrode opposed to each other with the photoelectric conversion layer interposed therebetween, a semiconductor layer provided between the first electrode and the photoelectric conversion layer, an accumulation electrode opposed to the photoelectric conversion layer with the semiconductor layer interposed therebetween, an insulating film provided between the accumulation electrode and the semiconductor layer, and a barrier layer provided between the semiconductor layer and the photoelectric conversion layer.

The present disclosure relates to a device that includes a first layer that includes at least one of a semiconducting material, a hole transport material (HTM), and/or an electron transport material (ETM), a second layer, and a third layer that includes a material that is at least one of transparent or conductive, where the second layer is positioned between the first layer and the third layer, the first layer, the second layer, and the third layer are in electrical contact with each other, and the third layer has a first thickness between greater than zero nm and about 100 nm. In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the semiconducting material may include a perovskite.

A light-receiving device in which an increase in driving voltage is inhibited is provided. Any of the following light-receiving devices is provided: a light-receiving device that includes a light-receiving layer between a pair of electrodes and in which the light-receiving layer includes an active layer, a buffer layer, and an electron-transport layer, the buffer layer is between the active layer and the electron-transport layer and is in contact with the active layer, and the buffer layer includes an organic compound having an electron-withdrawing group; a light-receiving device that includes a light-receiving layer between a pair of electrodes and in which the light-receiving layer includes an active layer, a buffer layer, and an electron-transport layer, the buffer layer is between the active layer and the electron-transport layer and is in contact with the active layer, and the buffer layer includes a heteroaromatic compound having an electron-withdrawing group.

A compound is represented by Chemical Formula 1.

##STR00001##

In Chemical Formula 1, G, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, X.sup.1, Ar.sup.1 and Ar.sup.2 are each the same as in the specification.

Provided is a solar cell including a first electrode, a second electrode, a light-absorbing layer located between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an intermediate layer located between the light-absorbing layer and at least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode. The light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a chemical formula ASnX.sub.3 (where A is a monovalent cation and X is a halogen anion). The intermediate layer is in contact with the light-absorbing layer. The at least one electrode selected from the group consisting of the first electrode and the second electrode has light-transmissive property. The intermediate layer contains at least one selected from the group consisting of (4-(1′,5′-dihydro-1′-methyl-2′H-[5,6]fullereno-C60-Ih[1,9-c]pyrrol-2′-yl)benzoic acid) and fullerene C60.