A solar module for transforming solar energy into electrical energy includes a substrate and a pair of solar cells formed on the substrate next to each other and electrically connected in series to each other through a top common back electrode. A first solar cell of the pair has a pin configuration, and a second solar cell of the pair has a nip configuration. The pin configuration has hole and electron transport layers located in a reverse order relative to the nip configuration.

A solar module for transforming solar energy into electrical energy includes a substrate and a pair of solar cells formed on the substrate next to each other and electrically connected in series to each other through a top common back electrode. A first solar cell of the pair has a pin configuration, and a second solar cell of the pair has a nip configuration. The pin configuration has hole and electron transport layers located in a reverse order relative to the nip configuration.

A solar cell includes: a first electrode; a first hole transport layer containing nickel; an inorganic material layer containing titanium; a light-absorbing layer converting light into electric charge; and a second electrode. The first electrode, the first hole transport layer, the inorganic material layer, the light-absorbing layer, and the second electrode are layered in that order. The light-absorbing layer contains a perovskite compound represented by a formula AMX3, where A is a monovalent cation, M is a divalent cation, and X is a monovalent anion.

A bifacial photovoltaic structure includes a transparent substrate, a perovskite absorber layer overlaying the substrate, a transparent first composite conductor interposed between the substrate and the perovskite absorber layer, and a transparent second composite conductor disposed over the perovskite absorber layer. The first composite conductor includes a first set of metal lines, and a first conducting layer provided in contact with the metal lines, wherein the first set of metal lines is characterized by a first set of dimensions and a first metallic composition. The second composite conductor includes a second conducting layer, and a second set of metal lines provided in contact with the second conducting layer, wherein the second set of metal lines is characterized by a second set of dimensions and a second metallic composition. The dimensions and/or compositions of the first and second composite conductors are different.

A bifacial photovoltaic structure includes a transparent substrate, a perovskite absorber layer overlaying the substrate, a transparent first composite conductor interposed between the substrate and the perovskite absorber layer, and a transparent second composite conductor disposed over the perovskite absorber layer. The first composite conductor includes a first set of metal lines, and a first conducting layer provided in contact with the metal lines, wherein the first set of metal lines is characterized by a first set of dimensions and a first metallic composition. The second composite conductor includes a second conducting layer, and a second set of metal lines provided in contact with the second conducting layer, wherein the second set of metal lines is characterized by a second set of dimensions and a second metallic composition. The dimensions and/or compositions of the first and second composite conductors are different.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are bonded together along a contact ledge of a first tandem solar cell using a solid electrically conductive bonding material.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are bonded together along a contact ledge of a first tandem solar cell using a solid electrically conductive bonding material.

A solar cell module (100) includes: one or more cells that are enclosed by a barrier packaging material (13A, 13B) and that include first and second base plates (3, 7) and a functional layer; and first and second lead-out electrodes (11A, 11B) that are respectively connected to electrodes (2, 6) disposed at the sides of the respective base plates (3, 7) via electrical connectors (12A, 12B). The electrical connectors (12A, 12B) are separated from the functional layer in a base plate surface direction. The lead-out electrodes (11A, 11B) are disposed on an outer surface of the barrier packaging material (13A, 13B). Gaps between the barrier packaging material (13A, 13B) and the lead-out electrodes (11A, 11B) are sealed by a lead-out electrode seal (15).

According to one embodiment, a solar cell includes a first electrode, a second electrode, and a power generation layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode. The first electrode includes a first region and a second region. A direction from the first region to the second region is along a first direction from the first electrode to the second electrode. A first absorption coefficient of the first region for a first light having a wavelength of 330 nm is lower than a second absorption coefficient of the second region for the first light.

A solar cell includes elements, a connecting portion, and a transparent portion. The elements include first and second elements arrayed in a first direction. The transparent portion is located between the connecting portion and the second element. Each of the elements includes first and second electrode layers and a semiconductor layer interposed between the first and second electrode layers. Between the first element and the second element, their first electrode layers sandwich a first gap and their second electrode layers sandwich a second gap shifted in the first direction from the first gap. The connecting portion electrically connects the second electrode layer of the first element to the first electrode layer of the second element. The transparent portion is located between the second electrode layer of the first element and the first electrode layer of the second element at a position shifted in the first direction from the connecting portion.