A solar cell includes a first photoelectric conversion part, a second photoelectric conversion part, a side insulating layer, a first electrode, and a second electrode. The first photoelectric conversion part includes a photoelectric conversion layer composed of a perovskite compound, a first transport layer on one side of the photoelectric conversion layer, and a second transport layer on the other side of the photoelectric conversion layer. The second photoelectric conversion part is arranged below the second transport layer and has a different material or structure from the first photoelectric conversion part. The side insulating layer is formed as a side surface surrounding the first photoelectric conversion part. The first electrode is electrically connected to the first photoelectric conversion part on one surface of the first photoelectric conversion part serving as a light-receiving surface. The second electrode is electrically connected to a bottom of the second photoelectric conversion part.

In multijunction photovoltaic cells, such as for example tandem solar cells having a top sub-cell and a crystalline silicon based bottom sub-cell, efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is limited mainly by the junction between a top sub-cell and a bottom sub-cell of the multijunction photovoltaic cell. A multijunction photovoltaic cell of this disclosure at least partially overcomes this drawback because it has an intermediate layer of silicon nitride deposited in a conformal manner with a thickness of between 1 and 10 nm so as to define a P-N tunnel junction between the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell. A related fabrication process is also disclosed.

In multijunction photovoltaic cells, such as for example tandem solar cells having a top sub-cell and a crystalline silicon based bottom sub-cell, efficiency of conversion of solar energy into electrical energy is limited mainly by the junction between a top sub-cell and a bottom sub-cell of the multijunction photovoltaic cell. A multijunction photovoltaic cell of this disclosure at least partially overcomes this drawback because it has an intermediate layer of silicon nitride deposited in a conformal manner with a thickness of between 1 and 10 nm so as to define a P-N tunnel junction between the top sub-cell and the bottom sub-cell. A related fabrication process is also disclosed.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

Solar cell modules and methods of fabrication are described. In an embodiment, a pair of tandem solar cells are a step surface or trench within the top subcell of a tandem solar cell is at least partially filled with another material such as an insulator support or electrically conductive support to transfer stress away from the absorber layer of the top subcell of the tandem solar cells when stacked or connected with ribbon.

A photovoltaic film system for use with a near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panel, the photovoltaic film system comprising a translucent photovoltaic film stack which includes, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer translucent electrode layer, one of an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, the other of the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer and an inner translucent electrode layer; an inverter; and electrical connectors connecting the inverter to each of the outer translucent electrode layer and the inner translucent electrode layer. The photovoltaic film system can be used to restore near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panels in situ.

A photovoltaic film system for use with a near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panel, the photovoltaic film system comprising a translucent photovoltaic film stack which includes, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer translucent electrode layer, one of an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, the other of the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer and an inner translucent electrode layer; an inverter; and electrical connectors connecting the inverter to each of the outer translucent electrode layer and the inner translucent electrode layer. The photovoltaic film system can be used to restore near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panels in situ.

The present inventive concept provides a solar cell and a manufacturing method therefor, the solar cell comprising: a semiconductor substrate; a first transparent electrode layer provided on one surface of the semiconductor substrate; and a first electrode provided on one surface of the first transparent electrode layer, wherein the first electrode comprises a first pattern layer pattern-formed through a deposition process using a shadow mask.

A photovoltaic film system is provided for use with a near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panel, the photovoltaic film system comprising a translucent photovoltaic film stack which includes, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer translucent electrode layer, one of an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, the other of the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer and an inner translucent electrode layer; an inverter; and electrical connectors connecting the inverter to each of the outer translucent electrode layer and the inner translucent electrode layer. The photovoltaic film system can be used to restore near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panels in situ.

A photovoltaic film system is provided for use with a near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panel, the photovoltaic film system comprising a translucent photovoltaic film stack which includes, in order, an outer protective layer, an outer translucent electrode layer, one of an electron transport layer or a hole transport layer, a semi-conductor perovskite layer, the other of the hole transport layer or the electron transport layer and an inner translucent electrode layer; an inverter; and electrical connectors connecting the inverter to each of the outer translucent electrode layer and the inner translucent electrode layer. The photovoltaic film system can be used to restore near end-of-life or end-of-life silicon solar panels in situ.