A photoelectric conversion element according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes: a first electrode and a second electrode facing each other; and a photoelectric conversion layer provided between the first electrode and the second electrode, and including a first organic semiconductor material, a second organic semiconductor material, and a third organic semiconductor material that have mother skeletons different from one another. The first organic semiconductor material is one of fullerenes and fullerene derivatives. The second organic semiconductor material in a form of a single-layer film has a higher linear absorption coefficient of a maximal light absorption wavelength in a visible light region than a single-layer film of the first organic semiconductor material and a single-layer film of the third organic semiconductor material. The third organic semiconductor material has a value equal to or higher than a HOMO level of the second organic semiconductor material.

A method of manufacturing an organic light-emitting display apparatus includes: forming a lift-off layer on a substrate including a first electrode, the lift-off layer including a fluoropolymer; forming a pattern layer on the lift-off layer; etching the lift-off layer between patterns of the pattern layer by utilizing a first solvent to expose the first electrode; forming an organic functional layer on the first electrode and the pattern layer, the organic functional layer including an emission layer; removing remaining portions of the lift-off layer by utilizing a second solvent; and forming a second electrode on the organic functional layer.

A mask and a method of manufacturing the same are disclosed. The method of manufacturing a mask includes forming a conductive layer on a pattern region and an auxiliary region around the pattern region of a substrate, placing the substrate including the conductive layer in a plating bath, forming a plating layer on the conductive layer, and separating the substrate and the conductive layer from the plating layer.

An organic light emitting display device is disclosed that includes a substrate on which a first sub pixel configured to emit a first color, a second sub pixel configured to emit a second color, and a third sub pixel configured to emit a third color are disposed, a first electrode that defines emitting areas of the first sub pixel, the second sub pixel, and the third sub pixel and is disposed on the substrate, an organic light emitting diode on the first electrode, a bank that defines the emitting areas of the first sub pixel, the second sub pixel, and the third sub pixel and is disposed in a non-emitting area and exposes an upper portion of the first electrode and a second electrode on the organic light emitting diode. The organic light emitting diode includes a path blocking layer in the non-emitting area.

Embodiments of the disclosed subject matter provide a device having a substrate, and a plurality of unit areas of an organic light emitting diode (OLED) display disposed on the substrate. The unit areas may be repeating, area-filling subdivisions of the substrate that each have an anode and a cathode. The organic film may be disposed over portions of the device other than the unit areas. The device may include at least one pixel having a plurality of sub-pixels disposed within each of the plurality of unit areas. The cathode of at least one pixel of each of the plurality of unit areas may be a common cathode.

The present disclosure provides a display panel, a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device. The display panel includes a first area and a second area. A pixel density of the first area is greater than that of the second area. In the second area, each pixel includes a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, a third sub-pixel, and a fourth sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel, and the fourth sub-pixel are in a same sub-pixel row. The first sub-pixel is between the third sub-pixel and the fourth sub-pixel. The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are in a same sub-pixel column. The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel are respectively in adjacent sub-pixel rows. The first sub-pixel and the second sub-pixel has a same emission color. The first sub-pixel, the third sub-pixel, and the fourth sub-pixel have different emission colors.

Provided is a mask having a plurality of cell areas, each of which has a plurality of through-portions defined therein. The mask includes a mask film including a polymer and a conductive layer disposed on at least one surface of the mask film and including conductive metal or a conductive metal oxide. Accordingly, precision of a deposition process is enhanced while reducing process time and costs in a manufacturing process of the mask, and thus the yield in manufacturing a display panel using the mask is improved. Therefore, the display panel manufactured using the mask may have improved reliability.

According to one or more embodiments, a mask assembly includes a mask frame including an opening and a portion surrounding the opening, and a mask arranged on the mask frame and including a first region and a second region, and a deposition material is passable through the first region corresponding to the opening, and the second region is around the first region, and the first region includes deposition openings, and the second region includes dummy openings, at least some of the dummy openings including centers arranged to deviate from a straight line connecting centers of the deposition openings, and a width of each of the deposition openings is the same as a width of each of the dummy openings.

The present invention relates to an organic electroluminescent device comprising a mixture comprising an electron-transporting host material and a hole-transporting host material, and to a formulation comprising a mixture of the host materials and to a mixture comprising the host materials. The electron-transporting host material corresponds to a compound of the formula (1) from the class of compounds containing a bispirofluorenyl unit.

Disclosed are an apparatus for and a method of manufacturing a semiconductor device. The apparatus includes a chamber, an evaporator that evaporates an organic source to provide a source gas on a substrate in the chamber, a vacuum pump that pumps the source gas and air from the chamber, an exhaust line between the vacuum pump and the chamber, and an analyzer connected to the exhaust line. The analyzer detects a derived molecule produced from the organic source and determines a replacement time of the evaporator.