A compound of the formula, plus devices incorporating this compound, and a method of marking such devices: ##STR00001## wherein: A represents a phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a biphenyl group or two phenyl groups linked by a C.sub.1-C.sub.8 alkyl chain; B.sup.1 and B.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected side chains of the structure
—(Y.sup.1).sub.n-L-(Y.sup.2).sub.m—X wherein: Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 in each occurrence are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, m and n in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; L in each occurrence is a C.sub.2-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and X in each occurrence is an independently selected cross linkable group; C is a side chain of the structure —(Z.sup.1).sub.p-M-(Z.sup.2).sub.q-E wherein: Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, p and q in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; M is a C.sub.1-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and E comprises a charge transport group; D is a side chain of the structure —(W.sup.1).sub.r—N—(W.sup.2).sub.s—F wherein: W.sup.1 and W.sup.2 are independently selected from O, CO.sub.2— and CH.sub.2O, r and s in each occurrence are independently selected from 0 or 1; N is a C.sub.1-C.sub.14 straight chain alkyl group; and F comprises a charge transport group or light emitter group; and wherein the charge transport group E does not contain a fluorene group other than those that form part of a spirobifluorenearylamine motif.

An organic electroluminescent element which has a substrate, a pair of electrodes disposed on this substrate and composed of an anode and a cathode, and at least one organic layer disposed between these electrodes and including a light-emitting layer, and in which a compound expressed by General Formula 1-1 is contained in at least one layer of the aforementioned light-emitting layer(s) exhibits high luminous efficiency, excellent blue color purity, and little change in chromaticity accompanying drive deterioration. (R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.10 is a substituent expressed by General Formula 1-2; however, a pyrene skeleton is never contained in R.sup.1 to R.sup.10; the asterisk indicates the bonding position with a pyrene ring; X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 [each] represent a carbon atom or a nitrogen atom, and at least one of X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 is a nitrogen atom; R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 [each] represent a hydrogen atom or a substituent, and at least one of R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 is an alkyl group or a silyl group; however, if X.sup.1 to X.sup.5 represent nitrogen atoms, there is no R.sup.11 to R.sup.15 bonded on these nitrogen atoms.) ##STR00001##

Organic electroluminescent materials and devices are disclosed. The organic electroluminescent materials are novel dehydrobenzodiimidazole or dehydrobenzodipyrrole or its analogous structure compounds, which can be used as charge transporting materials or charge injection materials or the like in an electroluminescent device. These novel compounds have deep LUMO energy level, and have better potential and excellent application prospecty in the field of charge-transporting materials, charge injection materials or the like. An organic electroluminescent device and a compound formulation are also disclosed.

An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a multicolor light-emitting element that utilizes fluorescence and phosphorescence and is advantageous for practical application. The light-emitting element has a stacked-layer structure of a first light-emitting layer containing a host material and a fluorescent substance, a separation layer containing a substance having a hole-transport property and a substance having an electron-transport property, and a second light-emitting layer containing two kinds of organic compounds that form an exciplex and a substance that can convert triplet excitation energy into luminescence. Note that a light-emitting element in which light emitted from the first light-emitting layer has an emission spectrum peak on the shorter wavelength side than an emission spectrum peak of the second light-emitting layer is more effective.

An optoelectronic component includes a substrate, a first electrode, a second electrode, and at least one organic functional layer, which is arranged between the first electrode and the second electrode. The organic functional layer includes a matrix material, a first compound, and a second compound. The first compound interacts with the second compound, and the first compound and/or the second compound interacts with the matrix material. A conductivity of the organic functional layer is produced by the interactions.

A data storage system and method are provided for storing data in non-volatile memory devices. Binary data is received for storage in a non-volatile memory device. The binary data is converted into non-binary data comprising base-X values, where X is an integer greater than two. The non-binary data is encoded to generate a codeword and the codeword is written to a wordline of the non-volatile memory device.

The present disclosure provides a white organic electroluminescent device, comprising: a substrate; an anode layer; a first light emitting layer formed from a red organic fluorescent material, a first energy-sensitized organic material and a first hole-type organic host material; a second light emitting layer formed from a green organic fluorescent material, a second energy-sensitized organic material and a second hole-type organic host material; and a cathode layer.

Disclosed is an organic light-emitting diode device including: a first electrode; a second electrode disposed opposite to the first electrode; m light-emitting units (where m is an integer of 2 or more) disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and including at least one light-emitting layer; and m-1 charge generation layers each interposed between two adjacent light-emitting units of the m light-emitting units; wherein at least one of the m-1 charge generation layers includes a compound for a charge generation layer, which includes a boron-containing compound bonded to a metal halide by a one-electron sigma bond.

An organic electric element, a display panel, and a display device including the organic electric element are provided. The organic electric element includes a charge generating layer including a first layer comprising a first compound and a second compound and a second layer comprising a third compound so that they may have excellent efficiency or lifespan.

The invention relates to compounds, comprising at least one donor group and at least one acceptor group, in which the transition energy of the lowest excited triplet hack into the ground state both of the corresponding donor molecule and of the corresponding acceptor molecule being at least 2.2 eV, and the use thereof as an emitter or a carrier material in an optoelectronic component.