A compound comprising a first ligand L.sub.A of Formula I, ##STR00001##
is disclosed. In the structure of Formula I, ring A is a 5-membered or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring; Z.sup.1-Z.sup.4 are each independently C or N; at least two consecutive Z.sup.1-Z.sup.4 are C, and are fused to a structure of Formula II ##STR00002##
or Formula III ##STR00003##
Y.sup.1; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are each independently O, S, Se, CRR′, SiRR′, or GeRR′; each R.sup.A, R.sup.B, R.sup.C, R, and R′ is a hydrogen or a substituent; and any two substituents may be joined or fused together to form a ring. In the compound, L.sub.A is complexed to a metal M by the dashed lines in Formula I to form a five-membered chelate ring, and M has an atomic weight greater than 40. Organic light emitting devices and consumer products containing the compounds are also disclosed.

A heterocyclic compound, a composition including the heterocyclic compound, and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound are disclosed. The heterocyclic compound is represented by Formula 1: ##STR00001##
wherein, X.sub.1, L.sub.1, a1, Ar.sub.1, R.sub.1 to R.sub.6, b3, b4, and b5 are described herein.

To provide a compound for further improving the capability of an organic EL device, an organic electroluminescent element having a further improved device capability, and an electronic device including the organic electroluminescent element. Disclosed are a compound represented by the following formula (1) or formula (2) (wherein each symbol in each formula is as defined in the description), an organic electroluminescent element containing the compound, and an electronic device including the organic electroluminescent element.

##STR00001##

The present invention relates to certain fluorenes, to the use of the compounds in an electronic device, and to an electronic device comprising at least one of these compounds. The present invention furthermore relates to a process for the preparation of the compounds and to a formulation and composition comprising one or more of the compounds.

The present invention relates to an organic electronic device comprising a substrate (110), an anode layer (120), a cathode layer (190), at least one first emission layer (150), and a hole injection layer (130), wherein • - the hole injection layer comprises a metal complex, wherein • - the metal complex comprises at least one electropositive metal atom having an electro-negativity value according to Allen of less than 2.4, and • - the metal complex comprises at least one anionic ligand comprising at least 4 covalently bound atoms; • - the anode layer comprises a first anode sub-layer (121) and a second anode sub-layer (122), wherein • - the first anode sub-layer comprises a first metal having a work function in the range of > 4 and < 6 eV, and • - the second anode sub-layer comprises a transparent conductive oxide; wherein • - the hole injection layer is arranged between the first emission layer and the anode layer, • - the first anode sub-layer is arranged closer to the substrate, and the second anode sub-layer is arranged closer to the hole injection layer.

The present disclosure relates to an organic compound. The structure of the organic compound consists of a structure represented by formula (I) and a structure represented by formula (II); the structure represented by formula (I) is fused with the structure represented by formula (II); and * represents a connection point, in formula (I), capable of being fused with formula (II). When being used to the organic light-emitting layer of an organic electroluminescent device, the organic compound of the present application can effectively improve the device efficiency of the device and prolong the service life of the organic electroluminescent device.

##STR00001##

A solar cell device is presented. The solar cell device comprises a layered structure comprising an electron transport layer and a hole transport layer and a heterojunction interface region between the electron transport and hole transport layers configured to define at least one charge generation region forming at least one junction between them, wherein at least one of the electron transport layer and the hole transport layer comprises at least one modulated doping layer at a predetermined distance from said at least one junction, said at least one modulated doping layer thereby inducing variation of an energy band structure at a vicinity of said at least one junction generating electric field applied to charge carriers increasing efficiency of generation and/or collection of the charge carriers.

A compound having the following formula ##STR00001##
Formula I, is disclosed. The compound is useful as an emitter in OLED applications.

Provided are a compound for an organic optoelectronic device represented by a combination of Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2, a composition for an organic optoelectronic device including the same, an organic optoelectronic device, and a display device. Details for Chemical Formula 1 and Chemical Formula 2 are as defined in the specification.

An electroluminescent display device includes a substrate on which a plurality of sub-pixels are defined; a first electrode in each sub-pixel on the substrate; a first hole transporting layer on the first electrode; a second hole transporting layer on the first hole transporting layer; a third hole transporting layer on the second hole transporting layer; a light-emitting material layer on the third hole transporting layer; an electron transporting layer on the light-emitting material layer; and a second electrode on the electron transporting layer, wherein the first hole transporting layer includes a P-type dopant and a first hole transporting material, the second hole transporting layer includes the first hole transporting material, and the third hole transporting layer includes a second hole transporting material, and wherein a total thickness of the first and second hole transporting layers is equal to or greater than a thickness of the third hole transporting layer.