A display device includes a first electrode, a pixel define layer disposed on the first electrode, the pixel define layer including an opening, an organic emission layer disposed on the pixel define layer, the organic emission layer in electrical communication with the first electrode through the opening, a second electrode disposed on the organic emission layer, a light recycle layer disposed on the second electrode, and a color filter layer disposed on the light recycle layer, the color filter layer including a quantum dot, wherein a width of the organic emission layer is longer than a width of the color filter layer.

A quantum dot, a production method thereof, and a quantum dot composite and a device including the same are disclosed, wherein the quantum dot includes an alloy semiconductor nanocrystal including indium (In), gallium, zinc (Zn), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S), and in the quantum dot, a mole ratio of gallium with respect to indium (Ga:In) is greater than or equal to about 0.2:1, a mole ratio of phosphorus with respect to indium (P:In) is greater than or equal to about 0.95:1, the quantum dot does not include cadmium, and in an UV-Vis absorption spectrum of the quantum dot(s), a first absorption peak is present in a range of less than or equal to about 520 nm.

A quantum dot, a method of manufacturing the quantum dot, a composition including the quantum dot, an optical member including the quantum dot, and an electronic apparatus including the quantum dot are disclosed. The quantum dot includes: a nanomaterial; and a first ligand arranged on a surface of the nanomaterial, wherein the nanomaterial includes a core and a shell that covers at least a part of the core, wherein the first ligand includes a condensed polycyclic group in which two or more rings are condensed.

A light-emitting element includes an anode electrode, cathode electrode, an EML, and an HTL. The HTL includes a hole transport material, and a first polymer containing a polysiloxane bond in the main chain and having a functional group including a π-conjugated electron pair in a side chain of the first polymer.

A display panel includes a light emitting panel and a color conversion panel. The color conversion layer emits a predetermined light. A color of the predetermined light comprises a first region of Cx of about 0.26 to about 0.35 and Cy of about 0.27 to about 0.35 in CIE 1931 color coordinates, and in an emission spectrum of the predetermined light having a color in the first region, a first area percentage is less than or equal to about 65%, where the first area percentage is defined by the following formula: [A/B]×100%, in which A denotes an area of a region having a wavelength of less than or equal to about 470 nm in the emission spectrum, and B denotes an area of a region having a wavelength of less than or equal to about 480 nm in the emission spectrum.

A polymer including a structural unit represented by Chemical Formula 1, an electroluminescence device material including the polymer, an electroluminescence device including the polymer or the electroluminescence device material, and an electronic device including the electroluminescence device are provided:

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In Chemical Formula 1, the definition of each substituent is the same as described in the specification.

A display panel includes an upper display substrate including a first pixel area, a second pixel area, a third pixel area, and a light blocking area surrounding the first, second, and third pixel areas and a lower display substrate including a light emitting element. The upper display substrate includes a base substrate, a first bank overlapping the light blocking area and disposed on the base substrate, a second bank overlapping the light blocking area and disposed on the base substrate, a bridge bank disposed on the base substrate between the first bank and the second bank, and an organic material pattern at least a portion of which is disposed on the bridge bank forming a column spacer. The display panel has improved reliability.

A light emitting element according to an embodiment includes a first electrode, a second electrode overlapping the first electrode, an emission layer disposed between the first electrode and the second electrode, and an electron transport region disposed between the emission layer and the second electrode, wherein the electron transport region includes a thermal acid generator (TAG). A method of manufacturing a light emitting element is also provided.

A color conversion panel includes: a substrate; a plurality of color filters on the substrate; a partition wall on the substrate, and including a first opening, a second opening, a third opening, and a sub-opening; a first color conversion layer disposed in the first opening of the partition wall; a second color conversion layer disposed in the second opening of the partition wall; a transmission layer disposed in the third opening of the partition wall; an additional layer disposed in the sub-opening of the partition wall; and a spacer on the additional layer.

Provided in the present disclosure are a light-emitting device, a display apparatus having the same, and a lighting apparatus. The light-emitting device includes a light-emitting unit disposed in a sub-region. The light-emitting unit includes a light-emitting functional layer, a light extraction functional layer and a part of a light transmissive substrate, which are disposed in a stacked manner. The light extraction functional layer is located on a light-exiting side of the light-emitting functional layer. A straight line segment that passes through geometric center of a light-exiting surface of each light-emitting unit and whose two ends are respectively connected with edge line of the light-exiting surface is defined as a first straight line segment, and the shortest length of the first straight line segment is defined as W. In a direction perpendicular to the light transmissive substrate, a thickness of the light-emitting unit without reflective electrode is T.