An antenna comprising; a substrate; a continuous film of yttrium barium copper oxide (YBCO) disposed on the substrate having first and second regions, wherein the first region has a first oxygen doping level and wherein the second region has a second oxygen doping level that is different from the first oxygen doping level; a nano-scale conductive structure, shaped to resonate at a terahertz (THz) frequency, disposed on a boundary between the first and second regions; and a conductive path electrically connected to the first and second regions and to the conductive structure such that induced current in the structure due to incoming THz radiation heats the boundary thereby creating a thermal gradient, which results in the generation of Seebeck effect voltage.

A thermal chamber includes a cavity that is enclosed by sides and one or more ports that expose the cavity within the thermal chamber. Each of the one or more ports is configured to receive a temperature control component having a solid physical structure and configured to transfer thermal energy to and from an electrical device exposed via the cavity. The thermal chamber includes a bottom side open area of the thermal chamber located below the one or more ports. The bottom side open area is configured to allow the temperature control component to contact the electrical device that is exposed via the bottom side open area.

A system, a thermoelectric generator, and a method for generating electricity are provided. The system includes a thermoelectric generator, a cooling system, and a heating system. The cooling system includes a cold side module configured to hold a predetermined volume of air, a subterranean heat exchanger including an underground conduit, the underground conduit having a first end configured to receive ambient air and a second end coupled to the inlet of the cold side module, and an air exhaust coupled to the outlet of the cold side module and having one or more valves configured to control an airflow from the subterranean heat exchanger towards the air exhaust. The heating system includes a first solar concentrator to collect light rays, a hot side module, and a fiber optic cable to transport the collected light rays to the hot side module.

A system, a thermoelectric generator, and a method for generating electricity are provided. The system includes a thermoelectric generator, a cooling system, and a heating system. The cooling system includes a cold side module configured to hold a predetermined volume of air, a subterranean heat exchanger including an underground conduit, the underground conduit having a first end configured to receive ambient air and a second end coupled to the inlet of the cold side module, and an air exhaust coupled to the outlet of the cold side module and having one or more valves configured to control an airflow from the subterranean heat exchanger towards the air exhaust. The heating system includes a first solar concentrator to collect light rays, a hot side module, and a fiber optic cable to transport the collected light rays to the hot side module.

A semiconductor product comprising: a semiconductor substrate and a test structure, the test structure comprising: a thermopile and at least one temperature sensitive element, the at least one temperature sensitive element being located in the substrate, or between the substrate and the thermopile.

A thermoelectric converter includes a first substrate that is deformable, a second substrate that is deformable, a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements, and a group of electrodes. The plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The group of electrodes electrically interconnect the plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements. The plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements are arranged in a plurality of rows. The group of electrodes include a bridge electrode disposed across a first row and a second row among the plurality of rows. The first row is adjacent to the second row. The bridge electrode has a first part whose thickness is smaller than a thickness of each of remaining electrodes other than the bridge electrode among the group of electrodes and whose surface area is larger than a surface area of each of the remaining electrodes.

Provided is a thermoelectric material satisfying (MX).sub.1+a(TX.sub.2).sub.n and having a superlattice structure, wherein M is at least one element selected from the group consisting of Group 13, Group 14, and Group 15, T is at least one element selected from Group 5, X is a chalcogenide element, a is a real number satisfying 0<a<1, and n is a natural number of 1 to 3.

A system exchanges pressure and heat from a source stream to a sink stream. The system includes a source exchanger and a sink exchanger. The source exchanger includes a first pressure exchanger and a first heat exchanger. The first pressure exchanger converts pressure of the source stream to electrical energy. The first heat exchanger converts temperature from the source stream via a first temperature differential to electrical energy. The sink exchanger includes a second pressure exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The second pressure exchanger uses electrical energy received from the source exchanger to change a pressure of the sink stream. The second heat exchanger uses electrical energy received from the source exchanger to change a temperature of the sink stream. Related apparatus, systems, techniques, and articles are also described.

A thermoelectric conversion element is made of a material with a band structure having Weyl points in the vicinity of Fermi energy. The thermoelectric conversion element has a thermoelectric mechanism for generating electromotive force by the anomalous Nernst effect. A thermoelectric conversion device includes a substrate; and a power generator provided on the substrate and including a plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements. Each of the plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements has a shape extending in one direction, and is made of a material identical to that of the above-mentioned thermoelectric conversion element. The plurality of thermoelectric conversion elements is arranged in parallel to one another in a direction perpendicular to the one direction and electrically connected in series to one another in a serpentine shape.

A method is provided for making a multilayer functional fiber, where the method includes: providing a scaffold fiber; disposing a first electrode layer enclosing the scaffold fiber; disposing a functional layer enclosing the first electrode layer, the functional layer having a functional characteristic varying as a function of longitudinal position along the functional layer; disposing a second electrode layer enclosing the functional layer; and disposing a cladding layer enclosing the second electrode layer. In another aspect, a multilayer functional fiber is provided produced by, for instance, the above-noted method.