Provided is a photodetector based on transverse Dember effect and a preparation method. The method includes: growing a tilted epitaxial layer on a tilted single-crystal substrate; preparing a patterned metal electrode pair on an upper surface of the tilted epitaxial layer; and connecting each metal electrode to one end of a metal wire via high temperature silver glue, and connecting the other end of the metal wire to a voltage signal acquisition device. There is an included angle between a crystallographic axis and a normal of the tilted epitaxial layer. Photoelectric detection with high responsivity is implemented by means of transverse Dember effect of the tilted epitaxial layer, which resolves problems of an existing photodetector such as a bias voltage needs to be applied, operations are complex, stability is poor, sensitivity is low, and the existing photodetector is easy to be interfered with an environment.

An antibacterial yarn that includes a core yarn including a functional polymer that generates a charge by external energy and a first sheath yarn higher in hygroscopicity than the core yarn, the first sheath yarn covering at least a part of a periphery of the core yarn across an axial direction of the core yarn.

In one aspect, thermoelectric generators are described herein. A thermoelectric generator, in some embodiments, comprises a multilayer ribbon including an electrically insulating flexible substrate comprising a first side having a p-type material deposited thereon and a second side having an n-type material deposited thereon, wherein the p-type material and the n-type material are electrical communication. In another aspect, electronic systems for incorporation into apparel articles are described herein, which employ one or more energy harvesting mechanisms for powering various electronic functionalities. In some embodiments, for example, systems for monitoring apparel wear and/or use are provided. A system for monitoring apparel wear or use can comprise an energy harvesting component and a signaling component partially or fully powered by electrical energy generated by the energy harvesting component from wear or use of the apparel.

A thermoelectric conversion element includes: a magnetic body having a magnetization; and an electromotive body formed of material exhibiting a spin orbit coupling and jointed to the magnetic body. The magnetic body has an upper joint surface jointed to the electromotive body. The upper joint surface has concavities and convexities.

A passive temperature-sensing apparatus, which includes a capacitive sensing element that includes a capacitive sensing composition that includes a ferroelectric ceramic material that exhibits a measurable electrical Curie temperature that is below 30 degrees C. The capacitive sensing composition exhibits a negative slope of capacitance versus temperature over the temperature range of from 30 degrees C. to 150 degrees C.

An apparatus and method, the apparatus including a charge carrier wherein the charge carrier includes a continuous three dimensional framework including a plurality of cavities throughout the framework; sensor material provided throughout the charge carrier; wherein the sensor material is configured to transduce a detected input and change conductivity of the charge carrier in dependence of the detected input.

An electrocaloric element for a heat transfer system includes an electrocaloric material of a copolymer of (i) vinylidene fluoride, (ii) an addition polymerization monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, vinyl fluoride, or combinations thereof, and (iii) a halogenated addition polymerization monomer larger than vinylidene fluoride. It is also provided that: (a) the monomer (ii) includes an addition polymerization monomer smaller than trifluoroethylene, (b) at least one of the addition polymerization monomers (ii) or (iii) is a chiral monomer, and the copolymer includes syndiotactic ordered segments of chiral monomer units, and/or (c) at least one of the addition polymerization monomers (ii) or (iii) comprises chlorine, and the copolymer includes an ordered distribution of monomer units comprising chlorine along the copolymer polymer backbone.

Thermal pattern sensor comprising several pixels located on a substrate, each pixel comprising a pyroelectric capacitor, the pyroelectric capacitor comprising a pyroelectric material located between two electrically conducting electrodes, the pyroelectric material comprising a sol-gel matrix in which first particles made of a first material and second particles made of a second material are dispersed. The first material being chosen from among calcium, lanthanum, tantalum, barium, lead and/or strontium oxides, the second material being chosen from among titanium, antimony, tin, zinc, gallium, vanadium and/or manganese oxides.

A material that facilitates dissipation of heat is provided and includes hexagonal boron nitride and alumina.

A heat transfer system is disclosed in which, an electrocaloric material includes a copolymer of a monomer mixture including (i) vinylidene fluoride, (ii) an addition polymerization monomer selected from tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, or a monomer smaller than trifluoroethylene, and (iii) a halogenated addition polymerization monomer different than (ii) that is larger than vinylidene fluoride. The electrocaloric material also includes an additive selected from a nucleating agent having a polar surface charge, electrocalorically active solid particles, or a combination thereof. Electrodes are disposed on opposite surfaces of the electrocaloric material, and an electric power source is configured to provide voltage to the electrodes. The system also includes a first thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat sink, and a second thermal flow path between the electrocaloric material and a heat source.