The present invention discloses a method for creating spin-affected electric currents passively and feeding them into electric devices. The invention can be realized as either a rectangular black box incorporating coatings on top of and on the bottom of a conducting volume of material, or by coating a round-shaped wire or thread(s) of a cable. This is obtained by using a specific coating material on the conducting piece of material. The material may be piezoelectric, such as silicon dioxide (i.e. quartz) but also silicon carbide (SiC) may be used. Also, mixtures and composite arrangements are possible in order to create a coating. The manufactured add-on unit, when supplied with the input power or input signal, will act as an electron spin feeding device to the electric device because the electrons will be moving strongly within the interface area of the coating and the conducting material with aligned spins. The resulting effect also lasts longer within the electric device than just the time when the add-on unit is connected to the electric device.

Method of designing a BAW resonator and filter and the resulting devices are provided. Embodiments include patterning a bottom electrode of a resonator, patterning a top electrode of the resonator, and intersecting area of the resonator, wherein the effective area includes a closed-loop contour line including a pulse function pattern with predefined amplitude, period and a number of repetitions of pulses along the closed-loop contour line.

A module (1) for a display and/or operating device (10), the module (1) comprising a first transparent electrode (3) having a first matrix of a plurality of electrode islands (3a, 3b, 3c); a transparent piezoelectric layer (2) having a first and a second area; a second transparent electrode (4); a transparent substrate (12); and a conductive path arrangement (25) having at least a first conductive path (24a) on the transparent piezoelectric layer (2), wherein the transparent substrate (12) is coated with the second transparent electrode (4) and the second transparent electrode (4) is disposed between the transparent substrate and the transparent piezoelectric layer (2), and the first area is coated with the first transparent electrode and the second area is coated with the second transparent electrode (4); and the electrode islands (3a, 3b, 3c) are arranged electrically insulated from one another on the first area of the transparent piezoelectric material (2), wherein the at least first conductive path (24a) of the conductive path arrangement (25) is electrically connected to at least one of the electrode islands (3a, 3b, 3c), and at least the first conductive path (24a) and/or at least one of the electrode islands (3a, 3b, 3c) has a rough surface structure with a maximum roughness depth of 4 μm.

A piezoelectric device that includes a base member having an opening therein and an upper layer supported by the base member. The upper layer includes a vibration portion at a location corresponding to the opening in the base member. The vibration portion includes a lower electrode, an intermediate electrode and an upper electrode that are spaced apart from one another in a thickness direction of the piezoelectric device. The upper layer includes a first piezoelectric layer disposed so as to be at least partially sandwiched between the lower electrode and the intermediate electrode, and a second piezoelectric layer disposed so as to overlap with the first piezoelectric layer and so as to be at least partially sandwiched between the intermediate electrode and the upper electrode. The first piezoelectric layer and the second piezoelectric layer are different in relative permittivity in the thickness direction of the piezoelectric device.

A piezoelectric micromachined ultrasonic transducer (pMUT) device may include a piezoelectric membrane transducer designed to have lower sensitivity to residual stress and reduced sensitivity to geometric variations arising from the backside etching process used to release the membrane. These designs allow some of its key feature to be adjusted to achieve desired characteristics, such as pressure sensitivity, natural frequency, stress sensitivity, and bandwidth.

A piezoelectric actuator includes a substrate, a first electrode arranged on the substrate, a piezoelectric body stacked on the first electrode, a second electrode superimposed on a surface of the piezoelectric body on a side opposite to the first electrode, and a wiring connected to the first electrode. The first electrode has a connecting portion which is arranged to protrude from an end portion of the piezoelectric body and to which the wiring is connected, and a first conductive portion is provided so that the first conductive portion overlaps with the first electrode while extending over from an area overlapped with the end portion of the piezoelectric body up to the connecting portion of the first electrode.

A device with a membrane comprising a support, a membrane made of a polymer material suspended on said support and at least one actuating module arranged opposite a face of the membrane and separate from said membrane, said actuating module comprising at least one actuator comprising at least one piezoelectric material and a beam connected to the support and separate from the membrane, the piezoelectric material being connected to the beam, such that, when a difference in electric potential is applied to the piezoelectric material, a bimetal effect appears between the piezoelectric material and the beam deforming the beam in the direction of the membrane, causing the deformation of the membrane, said device also comprising at least one electrostatic actuator configured for compressing at least one part of the membrane on the at least one part of the actuating module.

To suppress change in a surface resistance value under a high-temperature or high-humidity environment in a transparent conductive piezoelectric film including a transparent piezoelectric film made of a fluororesin. A transparent conductive piezoelectric film includes a transparent piezoelectric film made of a fluororesin, a transparent coating layer, and a transparent electrode stacked in this order. The total thickness of the coating layer is 0.6 to 4.5 m. When the transparent conductive piezoelectric film is left to stand in a specific high-temperature environment, the ratio of a resistance value after being left in the environment to a ratio of a resistance value before being left in the environment is 1.30 or less.

To suppress change in a surface resistance value under a high-temperature or high-humidity environment in a transparent conductive piezoelectric film including a transparent piezoelectric film made of a fluororesin. A transparent conductive piezoelectric film includes a transparent piezoelectric film made of a fluororesin, a transparent coating layer, and a transparent electrode stacked in this order. The total thickness of the coating layer is 0.6 to 4.5 m. When the transparent conductive piezoelectric film is left to stand in a specific high-temperature environment, the ratio of a resistance value after being left in the environment to a ratio of a resistance value before being left in the environment is 1.30 or less.

In accordance with some embodiments, a method of forming an auto-focusing device is provided. The method includes forming a cantilever beam member. The cantilever beam member has a ring shape. The method further includes forming a piezoelectric member over the cantilever beam member. The method also includes forming a membrane over the cantilever beam member. The membrane has a first region and a second region. The first region has a planar surface, and the second region is located between the first region and an inner edge of the cantilever beam member and has a plurality of corrugation structures. In addition, the method includes applying a liquid optical medium over the membrane and sealing the liquid optical medium with a protection layer.