A fuse device including a fuse component, a first electrode, disposed on a first side of the fuse component, a second electrode, disposed on a second side of the fuse component, and a phase change component, disposed in thermal contact with the fuse component. The fuse component may comprise a fuse temperature, wherein the phase change component exhibits a phase change temperature, the phase change temperature marking a phase transition of the phase change component, and wherein the phase change temperature is less than the fuse temperature.

A fuse device including a fuse component, a first electrode, disposed on a first side of the fuse component, a second electrode, disposed on a second side of the fuse component, and a phase change component, disposed in thermal contact with the fuse component. The fuse component may comprise a fuse temperature, wherein the phase change component exhibits a phase change temperature, the phase change temperature marking a phase transition of the phase change component, and wherein the phase change temperature is less than the fuse temperature.

An arc fault detection circuit interruption (AFCI) device includes a high frequency arc noise sensor and an arc fault detection circuit for sensing a high frequency arc noise. The high frequency arc noise sensor is disposed across a hot conductor and a neutral conductor and includes a surge protection device and a surge protection circuit such that the surge protection device protects against a first voltage surge in a first range of thousands to hundreds volts and the surge protection circuit protects against a second voltage surge in a second range of hundreds to few volts. The arc fault detection circuit is coupled in series with the high frequency arc noise sensor. The arc fault detection circuit is coupled to a series combination of a trip solenoid or electromagnet and a silicone-controlled rectifier disposed across the hot conductor and the neutral conductor.

An arc fault detection circuit interruption (AFCI) device includes a high frequency arc noise sensor and an arc fault detection circuit for sensing a high frequency arc noise. The high frequency arc noise sensor is disposed across a hot conductor and a neutral conductor and includes a surge protection device and a surge protection circuit such that the surge protection device protects against a first voltage surge in a first range of thousands to hundreds volts and the surge protection circuit protects against a second voltage surge in a second range of hundreds to few volts. The arc fault detection circuit is coupled in series with the high frequency arc noise sensor. The arc fault detection circuit is coupled to a series combination of a trip solenoid or electromagnet and a silicone-controlled rectifier disposed across the hot conductor and the neutral conductor.

An enclosure includes a power flow control device to attach to a high voltage transmission line, a plurality of panels formed of metal, a shorting connection provided between each pair of panels, an electrical connection from at least one panel of the plurality of panels to the high voltage transmission line, a receiving region provided on each panel for each shorting connection, and an equipotential surface for reducing electromagnetic interference from the high voltage transmission line to internal components of the power flow control device, and from the internal components of the power flow control device to the high voltage transmission line.

An enclosure includes a power flow control device to attach to a high voltage transmission line, a plurality of panels formed of metal, a shorting connection provided between each pair of panels, an electrical connection from at least one panel of the plurality of panels to the high voltage transmission line, a receiving region provided on each panel for each shorting connection, and an equipotential surface for reducing electromagnetic interference from the high voltage transmission line to internal components of the power flow control device, and from the internal components of the power flow control device to the high voltage transmission line.

Provided are metal oxide varistors comprising a sintered ceramic, in which the ceramic comprises, by weight, about 91.0% to about 97.0% ZnO, at least 0.3% Mn, at least 0.4% Bi, at least 1.0% Sb, and 0.50% or less Co. The metal oxide varistors as disclosed herein may exhibit reduced power dissipation, improved thermal stability, and may be produced at a lower cost relative to conventional MOV devices.

Provided are metal oxide varistors comprising a sintered ceramic, in which the ceramic comprises, by weight, about 91.0% to about 97.0% ZnO, at least 0.3% Mn, at least 0.4% Bi, at least 1.0% Sb, and 0.50% or less Co. The metal oxide varistors as disclosed herein may exhibit reduced power dissipation, improved thermal stability, and may be produced at a lower cost relative to conventional MOV devices.

Transient overvoltage suppression is provided by discharging through a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) and Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) which are connected in series between power supply lines. The SCR has a gate that receives a trigger signal generated by a triggering circuit coupled to the power supply lines. A trigger voltage of the triggering circuit is set by a Transil avalanche diode.

Transient overvoltage suppression is provided by discharging through a Metal Oxide Varistor (MOV) and Silicon Controlled Rectifier (SCR) which are connected in series between power supply lines. The SCR has a gate that receives a trigger signal generated by a triggering circuit coupled to the power supply lines. A trigger voltage of the triggering circuit is set by a Transil avalanche diode.