A magnetizer including a housing, a passage arranged inside the housing, and a permanent magnet assembly arranged outside the passage to provide a magnetic field passing through the passage. The housing defines an inlet to the passage and an outlet from the passage such that an object to be magnetised can be inserted into the passage via the inlet in the housing and removed via the outlet in the housing. The passage includes a uniform portion where opposing surfaces of the permanent magnet assembly are arranged a uniform distance apart along the length of the uniform portion and a diverging portion arranged between one end of the uniform portion of the passage and the outlet of the housing.

An electronic device is provided. The electronic device includes a foldable housing which has a hinge structure including a first housing and a second housing, the first housing is connected to the hinge structure and includes a first surface facing a first direction, a second surface facing a second direction opposite the first direction, and a first side surrounding the space between the first second surface, and the second housing is connected to the hinge structure and includes a third surface facing a third direction, a fourth surface facing a fourth direction opposite the third direction, and a second side, the first surface facing the third surface when the electronic device is in a folded state, and the third direction being the same as the first direction when the electronic device is in an unfolded state, a flexible display extending from the first and third surface, and a magnet array.

A magnet module includes at least one magnet unit. The magnet unit includes a first magnet member and a second magnet member surrounding the first magnet member in a plan view. The first magnet member extends along a first direction and includes a middle portion and an end portion. The first magnet member includes a first portion, which is disposed in the middle portion and extends along the first direction, and a second portion, which is disposed in the end portion and has a width greater than a width of the first portion.

The invention relates to the field of the protection of security documents such as for example banknotes and identity documents against counterfeit and illegal reproduction. In particular, the invention relates to optical effect layers (OEL) showing a viewing-angle dependent optical effect, devices and processes for producing said OEL and items carrying said OEL, as well as uses of said optical effect layers as an anti-counterfeit means on documents. The OEL comprises a plurality of non-spherical magnetic or magnetizable particles, which are dispersed in a coating composition comprising a binder material, the OEL comprising two or more loop-shaped areas, being nested around a common central area that is surrounded by the innermost loop-shaped area, wherein, in each of the loop-shaped areas, at least a part of the plurality of non-spherical magnetic or magnetizable particles are oriented such that, in a cross-section perpendicular to the OEL layer and extending from the center of the central area to the outer boundary of the outermost loop-shaped area, the longest axis of the particles in each of the cross-sectional areas of the looped-shaped areas follow a tangent of either a negatively curved or a positively curved part of hypothetical ellipses or circles.

A magnetic circuit for creating a magnetic field in a main annular ionization and acceleration channel of a Hall-effect plasma thruster, having an open top end for emitting ions and a closed bottom end, includes outer magnets comprising a bottom annular outer magnet, and a top annular outer magnet disposed above the bottom outer magnet; inner magnets comprising a bottom inner magnet, of cylindrical form having a bottom part of a diameter less than the diameter of a top part, disposed below the top outer magnet, and a top annular inner magnet disposed above the bottom inner magnet; the outer magnets having a same pole (N, S) on their respective top face and an opposite same pole (S, N) on their bottom face; the inner magnets having an orientation of their poles that is the reverse of that of the outer magnets; and the outer magnets and the inner magnets being disposed above the closed bottom end of the annular channel.

A system method for magnetic configuration optimization may include one or more memories storing a field distribution dictionary mapping magnetic subcomponents to magnetic field distributions, and one or more processors to generate a plurality of magnetic configurations from the sub-components in the field distribution dictionary, for each configuration, transforming the magnetic field distribution of each of the sub-components to a location and orientation of the sub-component in the configuration, generate a total magnetic field distribution for the configuration by adding the transformed magnetic field distributions of the configuration, for each configuration, generate a performance score for the configuration from the total magnetic field distribution based on at least one first magnetic field parameter to be optimized, and select the configuration with the highest performance score.

A magnetic field generation apparatus (6) of a magnetorheological polishing device comprises at least one electromagnetic pole set capable of producing a gradient magnetic field and consisting of two electromagnetic poles having opposing polarities; the electromagnetic poles forming the electromagnetic pole set uses at least two annular magnetic poles arranged in concentric circles, wherein the polarities of two adjacent magnetic poles are opposing. The apparatus (6) is used for processing a multi-degree of freedom movement workpiece with a magnetorheological fluid, and with single clamping, is capable of simultaneously performing polishing processing on the outer surface(s) of one or more workpieces, the outer surfaces of which may be flat surfaces, cambered surfaces or complex curved surfaces. The apparatus (6) effectively solves the problem of it being difficult to finish complex shaped surfaces, reduces workpiece processing procedures, and effectively increases polishing efficiency.

A planar magnet for magnetic density separation, comprising an array of pole pieces succeeding in longitudinal direction of a mounting plane, each pole piece having a body extending transversely along the mounting plane with a substantially constant cross section that includes a top segment that is curved to distribute the magnetic field associated with the top surface of the pole piece such that its strength transverse to the mounting plane is substantially uniformly distributed in planes parallel to the mounting plane, the curved top segments having a width (w) in longitudinal direction of the mounting plane and a maximum height (h) transverse to the mounting plane, wherein the top segments of successive pole pieces are unequal in height and/or width.

A magnetic levitation system is described, including a first cylinder-shaped magnet; a second cylinder-shaped magnet coaxially aligned with the first cylinder-shaped magnet; and a first cavity coaxially aligned with the first cylinder-shaped magnet; wherein the surfaces of the like-poles of the first and second cylinder-shaped magnets are parallel to each other and face each other to result in a linear magnetic field between the first and the second magnets. Methods of using a magnetic levitation system for analyzing a diamagnetic or paramagnetic sample are also described.

In an undulator magnet array, an upper magnet array is formed by coupling an upper shift magnet array and an upper reference magnet array, and a lower magnet array is formed by coupling a lower reference magnet array and lower shift magnet array arranged so as to face the magnet arrays. With reference to a state where the amplitudes of periodic magnetic fields that can be formed by the upper magnet array and the lower magnet array are maximized, the upper shift magnet array is shifted ¼ of a period to the left as seen from the lower reference magnet array and the lower shift magnet array is shifted ¼ of a period to the left as seen from the upper reference magnet array.