A magnet linear actuator includes a first element and an armature situated on a support, with the armature being movable along a movement axis between a first position engaged with the first element and the second position spaced away from the first element along the movement axis. The actuator further includes a biasing element that biases the armature in a direction generally toward the second position. The first element or the armature is pivotable with respect to the other between a first orientation and a second orientation. In the first orientation, the first element and the armature have a first magnetic attraction to one another that is sufficient to overcome the bias of the biasing element and to retain the armature in the first position. In the second orientation, the first element and the armature have either a magnetic repulsion to one another or a weaker second magnetic attraction.

A lens driving device according to the present invention is a lens driving device that includes an auto-focus coil and an auto-focus magnet and that moves a movable auto-focus unit including the auto-focus coil in the direction of an optical axis relative to a fixed auto-focus unit including the auto-focus magnet by using a driving force of a voice coil motor constituted of the auto-focus coil and the auto-focus magnet. The fixed auto-focus unit includes a case formed of a non-magnetic material and having a rectangular shape in plan view and a base on which the case is fixed. The auto-focus magnet has the shape of a flat plate disposed on a side face of the case, and at least one of the four side faces of the case is a non-magnet-disposed face, on which the auto-focus magnet is not disposed.

A lens driving device according to the present invention is a lens driving device that includes an auto-focus coil and an auto-focus magnet and that moves a movable auto-focus unit including the auto-focus coil in the direction of an optical axis relative to a fixed auto-focus unit including the auto-focus magnet by using a driving force of a voice coil motor constituted of the auto-focus coil and the auto-focus magnet. The fixed auto-focus unit includes a case formed of a non-magnetic material and having a rectangular shape in plan view and a base on which the case is fixed. The auto-focus magnet has the shape of a flat plate disposed on a side face of the case, and at least one of the four side faces of the case is a non-magnet-disposed face, on which the auto-focus magnet is not disposed.

Disclosed is an actuator generating haptic sensations, the actuator having a spherical rotor driven by a magnetic force vector created around the same, a stator having a space corresponding in shape to the spherical rotor defined therein to allow the spherical rotor to be positioned in the space and having a portion of an upper part of the spherical rotor exposed, at least three rotation-driving coils formed in the stator at a given distance from each other to provide the magnetic force vector to the spherical rotor, and a driving unit independently controlling electric current supplied to each of the rotation-driving coils to create the magnetic force vector.

A bistable linear electromagnet comprising a first housing (10) and a second housing (11) in alignment, a movable armature (18) comprising a rod (19) and a shuttle (20) that is slidably mounted, and a first coil (13) positioned in the first housing and a second coil (15) positioned in the second housing. A cavity (25) is made in a measurement wall (4) of one of the housings, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor (26) positioned in the cavity and designed to measure a magnetic flux existing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said housing and by the shuttle, in order to detect whether the shuttle has moved towards or away from the abutment wall of said first or second housing.

A bistable linear electromagnet comprising a first housing (10) and a second housing (11) in alignment, a movable armature (18) comprising a rod (19) and a shuttle (20) that is slidably mounted, and a first coil (13) positioned in the first housing and a second coil (15) positioned in the second housing. A cavity (25) is made in a measurement wall (4) of one of the housings, and the electromagnet comprises a magnetic field sensor (26) positioned in the cavity and designed to measure a magnetic flux existing in a magnetic path formed by the walls of said housing and by the shuttle, in order to detect whether the shuttle has moved towards or away from the abutment wall of said first or second housing.

The invention relates to a pneumatic solenoid valve comprising an air chamber (1), on which multiple air connections (2, 3, 5) are provided which can be connected via multiple switching positions of the solenoid valve by interconnecting the air chamber (1). The solenoid valve comprises a magnetic coil (6), a yoke (8) which is arranged on the magnetic coil (6) and made of soft magnetic material, and an armature (9) which can move relative to the yoke (8) and is made of soft magnetic material. The magnetic coil (6), the yoke (8) and the armature (9) are arranged within the air chamber (1). The armature (9) is arranged with respect to the yoke (8) such that, when the magnetic coil (6) is fed with current, said armature rotates about a single axis of rotation (A), by means of the magnetic force generated as a result, against a restoring force until the magnetic force corresponds to the restoring force. When the armature (9) rotates, the size of at least one overlapping region between the yoke (8) and the armature (9) changes, wherein an air gap (L, L) is formed between the yoke (8) and the armature (9) in the at least one overlapping region. The distance formed by the air gap (L, L) between the yoke (8) and the armature (9) remains substantially constant in the direction of rotation of the armature (9).

A valve includes a chamber and a piston positioned at least partially in the chamber. A first polymagnet is coupled to a first side of the piston, and a second polymagnet is positioned in the chamber and faces the first polymagnet. An actuator is coupled to the second polymagnet and rotates the second polymagnet from a first rotational position to a second rotational position, which causes the first polymagnet and the piston to move with respect to the second polymagnet.

Systems and methods are disclosed herein that may be implemented to configure, provide and operate retractable key assemblies and/or key assemblies that present a variable key assembly depression force to a user. In one example, key assemblies may be provided that each employ one or more electro-permanent magnets (EPMs) together with permanent magnet and/or magnetically permeable (e.g., ferromagnetic) key assembly components to control key retraction and extension, and/or to control peak depression force (e.g., typing force) required to depress and displace a key assembly from an extended position to a lower position that causes the key assembly to produce a digital or analog output signal.

An image sensor substrate according to an embodiment includes: an insulating layer including a first open region; and a first lead pattern part disposed on the insulating layer, wherein the first lead pattern part includes: a first pattern part disposed on the insulating layer; a connection portion extending from the first pattern part; and a second pattern part connected to the first pattern part through the connection portion, wherein the second pattern part and the connection portion are disposed to fly on a region not overlapped with the insulating layer in a vertical direction.