An electrode for electrochemical cells including an electrically conductive cohesive membrane having a thickness defined by a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface; ohmic impedance independent of membrane thickness; simultaneous uniform charge/discharge throughout membrane thickness; the membrane comprising open cell pores and surfaces; a current collector electrically strongly coupled to the entire membrane thickness; and pins extending through the membrane from the first surface to the second surface; the pins electrically coupled to the current collector having eliminated prior art problematical interfacial layers.

Hybrid lithium-ion electrochemical cells include a first electrode having a first polarity and a first electroactive material that reversibly cycles lithium ions having a first maximum operational voltage and a second electrode having the first polarity with a second electroactive material having a second maximum operational voltage. A difference between the second and first maximum operational voltages defines a predetermined voltage difference. Also included are at least one third electrode including a third electroactive material that reversibly cycles lithium ions having a second polarity opposite to the first polarity, a separator, and electrolyte. A voltage modification component (e.g., diode) is in electrical communication with the first and the second electrodes. In a first operational state corresponding to charging, the at least one voltage modification component is configured to induce a voltage drop corresponding to the predetermined voltage difference providing high power density and high energy density hybrid lithium-ion electrochemical cells.

A current collector of an electrochemical actuator is proposed, the current collector being coated with an interfacing layer, the interfacing layer being formed by coating on the current collector with a composition, the composition being formed by particles, at least 50% of the particles having a mean diameter by volume of less than or equal to 10 micrometers.

Disclosed are an electrode having a three-dimensional structure, the electrode including: a porous nonwoven web including a plurality of polymer fibers that form an interconnected porous network; an active material composite positioned among the polymer fibers and including active material particles and a first conductive material; and a second conductive material positioned on an outer surface of the active material composite, wherein the interconnected porous network is filled homogeneously with the active material composite and the second conductive material to form a super lattice structure, and an electrochemical device including the electrode having a three-dimensional structure.

Disclosed are an electrode having a three-dimensional structure, the electrode including: a porous nonwoven web including a plurality of polymer fibers that form an interconnected porous network; an active material composite positioned among the polymer fibers and including active material particles and a first conductive material; and a second conductive material positioned on an outer surface of the active material composite, wherein the interconnected porous network is filled homogeneously with the active material composite and the second conductive material to form a super lattice structure, and an electrochemical device including the electrode having a three-dimensional structure.

A bipolar capacitor assisted battery includes a bipolar capacitor including a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The second capacitor is connected in series with the first capacitor. A lithium ion battery is connected in parallel to the bipolar capacitor.

A bipolar capacitor assisted battery includes a bipolar capacitor including a first capacitor, and a second capacitor. The second capacitor is connected in series with the first capacitor. A lithium ion battery is connected in parallel to the bipolar capacitor.

An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode, where the anode and/or electrode includes an electrode film having a super-fibrillized binder material and carbon. The electrode film can have a reduced quantity of the binder material while maintaining desired mechanical and/or electrical properties. A process for fabricating the electrode film may include a fibrillization process using reduced speed and/or increased process pressure such that fibrillization of the binder material can be increased. The electrode film may include an electrical conductivity promoting additive to facilitate decreased equivalent series resistance performance. Increasing fibrillization of the binder material may facilitate formation of thinner electrode films, such as dry electrode films.

An energy storage device can include a cathode, an anode, and a separator between the cathode and the anode, where the anode and/or electrode includes an electrode film having a super-fibrillized binder material and carbon. The electrode film can have a reduced quantity of the binder material while maintaining desired mechanical and/or electrical properties. A process for fabricating the electrode film may include a fibrillization process using reduced speed and/or increased process pressure such that fibrillization of the binder material can be increased. The electrode film may include an electrical conductivity promoting additive to facilitate decreased equivalent series resistance performance. Increasing fibrillization of the binder material may facilitate formation of thinner electrode films, such as dry electrode films.

An energy storage device comprising a substrate comprising a series of grooves. Each groove having a first and a second face. Wherein there is a capacitor material in each groove of the series of grooves.