Embodiments include an electrode material including a plurality of cores fused to a plurality of redox active linkers via Aza units to form a layered two-dimensional (2D) Aza-fused pi-conjugated covalent organic framework (COF). Embodiments also include a negative electrode material including the electrode material, as well as a supercapacitor device and an asymmetric supercapacitor device including the electrode material. Embodiments further include a method of making an electrode material including one or more of the following steps: combining a hexaketocyclohexane compound and an aromatic tetraamine compound in a solution; mixing the solution including the hexaketocyclohexane compound and the aromatic tetraamine compound; and heating the mixed solution to form a 2D Aza-fused pi-conjugated COF.

Disclosed herein is a wire that includes: a core wire made of a conductor; an insulating film covering an outer periphery of the core wire; a catalyst adsorption film covering an outer periphery of the insulating film, the catalyst adsorption film including a catalyst serving as a reaction start point of electroless plating; and an outer periphery conductor covering an outer periphery of the catalyst adsorption film.

Disclosed herein is a wire that includes: a core wire made of a conductor; an insulating film covering an outer periphery of the core wire; a catalyst adsorption film covering an outer periphery of the insulating film, the catalyst adsorption film including a catalyst serving as a reaction start point of electroless plating; and an outer periphery conductor covering an outer periphery of the catalyst adsorption film.

Described are processes for making graphene pellet (GP) with a three-dimensional structure. The process includes forming a nickel pellet from nickel powder to function as a catalyst for graphene growth, exposing the nickel pellet to a hydrocarbon under conditions sufficient to grow graphene, and etching nickel from graphene with an acid resulting in a graphene pellet. Also described is a process for making a graphene paper from the graphene pellet comprising applying a compression force to the graphene pellet sufficient to compress the pellet. Also described is a method for forming a graphene pellet composite useful as an electrode.

An electrode, process for preparing the electrode and devices thereof. An electrode comprising at least one metal deposited on a substrate; and at least one electrically conducting polymer. The devices comprising the electrode for energy storage and molecular separation.

Ternary composite material, electrode, supercapacitor, and related methods. A ternary composite material includes a scaffold formed of carbon nanotubes (CNT), a first layer of zeolitic imidazolate 8 (ZIF-8) crystals formed on the scaffold of the CNT, and a second layer of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) flakes formed on the first layer of the ZIF-8 crystals. An electrode can be formed with the ternary composite. A supercapacitor may include one or more electrodes that are at least partly formed of the ternary composite material. Methods of producing the ternary composite material and the electrodes are also disclosed.

Electrochemical devices, such as batteries, supercapacitors, etc., which may be prepared from nanoscopic electrically conductive carbon materials, and optionally electrochemically active materials. Also, methods for preparing such electrochemical devices, including components, elements, etc., of such devices by using three-dimensional (3D) printing, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), etc., techniques.

Electrochemical devices, such as batteries, supercapacitors, etc., which may be prepared from nanoscopic electrically conductive carbon materials, and optionally electrochemically active materials. Also, methods for preparing such electrochemical devices, including components, elements, etc., of such devices by using three-dimensional (3D) printing, fused deposition modeling (FDM), selective laser sintering (SLS), etc., techniques.

Provided is an improved capacitor formed by a process comprising: providing an anode comprising a dielectric thereon wherein the anode comprises a sintered powder wherein the powder has a powder charge of at least 45,000 μFV/g; and forming a first conductive polymer layer encasing at least a portion of the dielectric by applying a first slurry wherein the first slurry comprises a polyanion and a conductive polymer and wherein the polyanion and conductive polymer are in a weight ratio of greater than 3 wherein the conductive polymer and polyanion forms conductive particles with an average particle size of no more than 20 nm.

Provided is an improved capacitor formed by a process comprising: providing an anode comprising a dielectric thereon wherein the anode comprises a sintered powder wherein the powder has a powder charge of at least 45,000 μFV/g; and forming a first conductive polymer layer encasing at least a portion of the dielectric by applying a first slurry wherein the first slurry comprises a polyanion and a conductive polymer and wherein the polyanion and conductive polymer are in a weight ratio of greater than 3 wherein the conductive polymer and polyanion forms conductive particles with an average particle size of no more than 20 nm.