A metallic salt including at least one anion having a heterocyclic aromatic structure represented by one of Formulae 1 to 3; and a metallic cation: ##STR00001##
wherein, in Formulae 1 to 3, each X is independently N, P, or As, one of A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 is an electron-donating group, and the other one is an electron-withdrawing group, ring Ar.sub.1 and ring Ar.sub.2 are as defined herein, L is a linker group as defined herein, m is an integer from 1 to 5, and n is an integer from 0 to 5.

Provided are new solid-state electrochemical cells and methods for fabricating these cells. In some examples, a solid-state electrochemical cell is assembled using a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a gel-polymer electrolyte layer, which is disposed and provides ionic communications between these electrodes. Prior to this assembly, the negative electrode is free from electrolytes. The negative electrode is fabricated using a coating technique, e.g., forming a slurry, comprising a polymer binder and one or more negative active materials structures, such as silicon, graphite, and the like. The porosity, size, and other characteristics of the negative active materials structures and of the resulting coated later are specifically controlled to ensure operation with the gel-polymer electrolyte layer or, more specifically, high-rate charge and discharge, e.g., greater than 1 mA/cm.sup.2. The gel-polymer electrolyte layer releases some of its liquid electrolyte after the interface with the negative electrode is formed.

Provided are new solid-state electrochemical cells and methods for fabricating these cells. In some examples, a solid-state electrochemical cell is assembled using a negative electrode, a positive electrode, and a gel-polymer electrolyte layer, which is disposed and provides ionic communications between these electrodes. Prior to this assembly, the negative electrode is free from electrolytes. The negative electrode is fabricated using a coating technique, e.g., forming a slurry, comprising a polymer binder and one or more negative active materials structures, such as silicon, graphite, and the like. The porosity, size, and other characteristics of the negative active materials structures and of the resulting coated later are specifically controlled to ensure operation with the gel-polymer electrolyte layer or, more specifically, high-rate charge and discharge, e.g., greater than 1 mA/cm.sup.2. The gel-polymer electrolyte layer releases some of its liquid electrolyte after the interface with the negative electrode is formed.

Disclosed herein is a method for using a high temperature rechargeable energy storage device comprising (a) obtaining an HTRESD; and (b) at least one of (1) cycling the HTRESD by alternatively charging and discharging the HTRESD at least twice over a duration of 20 hours and (2) maintaining a voltage across the HTRESD for 20 hours, such that the HTRESD exhibits a peak power density between 0.005 W/liter and 75 kW/liter after 20 hours when operated at an ambient temperature in an operating temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C.

Disclosed herein is a method for using a high temperature rechargeable energy storage device comprising (a) obtaining an HTRESD; and (b) at least one of (1) cycling the HTRESD by alternatively charging and discharging the HTRESD at least twice over a duration of 20 hours and (2) maintaining a voltage across the HTRESD for 20 hours, such that the HTRESD exhibits a peak power density between 0.005 W/liter and 75 kW/liter after 20 hours when operated at an ambient temperature in an operating temperature range comprising between about −40° C. and about 210° C.

There are provided: a nonaqueous electrolytic solution for an energy storage device provided with a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator and a nonaqueous electrolytic solution having an electrolyte salt dissolved in a nonaqueous solvent, wherein the potential of the positive electrode in a full-charge state is 4.5 V or higher on Li basis and the nonaqueous electrolytic solution contains at least one kind of tertiary carboxylic acid esters represented by the following general formula (I); and an energy storage device using the nonaqueous electrolytic solution.

##STR00001## wherein R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 each independently represent a methyl group or an ethyl group; and R.sup.4 represents a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.

An objective is to provide a novel aqueous electrolytic solution constituting an aqueous power storage device that stably operates even at a high voltage.

An electrolytic solution for a power storage device contains water as a solvent and has a composition in which an amount of the solvent is not greater than 4 mol with respect to 1 mol of an alkali metal salt.

An objective is to provide a novel aqueous electrolytic solution constituting an aqueous power storage device that stably operates even at a high voltage.

An electrolytic solution for a power storage device contains water as a solvent and has a composition in which an amount of the solvent is not greater than 4 mol with respect to 1 mol of an alkali metal salt.

An electrolyte containing vinylene carbonate, an amine, a nitrile, and a conductive lithium salt is useful in lithium ion batteries to improve discharge retention after multiple charge/discharge cycles.

An electrolyte containing vinylene carbonate, an amine, a nitrile, and a conductive lithium salt is useful in lithium ion batteries to improve discharge retention after multiple charge/discharge cycles.