In an embodiment an X-ray apparatus includes at least one of an X-ray source configured for generating X-rays or an X-ray detector configured for detecting X-rays, a housing in which the at least one of the X-ray source or the X-ray detector is located, the housing having an opening and a window covering the opening, wherein the window is configured to be passed by the X-rays, wherein the window comprises a transmission layer, and wherein the transmission layer is a carbon layer of glassy carbon.

An x-ray tube can include an x-ray window sealed to a mount. An inner-collimator can be adjacent to, but not sealed to, the x-ray window. The inner-collimator can be sandwiched between the x-ray window and an insulating-layer. The insulating-layer can span an inner-collimator-aperture of the inner-collimator, forming an isolated cavity at the inner-collimator-aperture. Walls of the cavity can include the x-ray window, the inner-collimator, and the insulating-layer. The x-ray tube can have a light weight, can block x-rays in undesirable directions, and can shape the x-ray beam.

In at least one embodiment an X-ray source includes an electron source configured to emit electrons, an acceleration set-up configured to accelerate the emitted electrons and a transmission window downwards of the acceleration set-up, the transmission window configured to let through X-rays generated by the accelerated electrons, wherein the transmission window incudes a carbon carrier, and wherein the carbon carrier includes sp2-hybridized carbon.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a radiotherapy target device. The radiotherapy target device may include: a target component including a target body and a support supporting the target body; and a housing surrounding the target component. The housing may include a first surface and a second surface allowing radiation beams to pass through.

One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a radiotherapy target device. The radiotherapy target device may include: a target component including a target body and a support supporting the target body; and a housing surrounding the target component. The housing may include a first surface and a second surface allowing radiation beams to pass through.

Rotating anode X-ray tubes degrade over time because of the action of the electron beam altering the surface of the focal spot area of a rotating anode. This causes a degradation in a resulting object image, when the source is used in an imaging application. An X-ray tube housing assembly is discussed which allows the correction of such effects. In particular, an additional beam of the X-radiation, which is not used for imaging, may be used to correct such effects.

Rotating anode X-ray tubes degrade over time because of the action of the electron beam altering the surface of the focal spot area of a rotating anode. This causes a degradation in a resulting object image, when the source is used in an imaging application. An X-ray tube housing assembly is discussed which allows the correction of such effects. In particular, an additional beam of the X-radiation, which is not used for imaging, may be used to correct such effects.

A compact source for high brightness x-ray generation is disclosed. The higher brightness is achieved through electron beam bombardment of multiple regions aligned with each other to achieve a linear accumulation of x-rays. This may be achieved by aligning discrete x-ray sub-sources, or through the use of x-ray targets that comprise microstructures of x-ray generating materials fabricated in close thermal contact with a substrate with high thermal conductivity. This allows heat to be more efficiently drawn out of the x-ray generating material, and in turn allows bombardment of the x-ray generating material with higher electron density and/or higher energy electrons, leading to greater x-ray brightness. The orientation of the microstructures allows the use of an on-axis collection angle, allowing the accumulation of x-rays from several microstructures to be aligned to appear to have a single origin, also known as zero-angle x-ray radiation.

A compact source for high brightness x-ray generation is disclosed. The higher brightness is achieved through electron beam bombardment of multiple regions aligned with each other to achieve a linear accumulation of x-rays. This may be achieved by aligning discrete x-ray sub-sources, or through the use of x-ray targets that comprise microstructures of x-ray generating materials fabricated in close thermal contact with a substrate with high thermal conductivity. This allows heat to be more efficiently drawn out of the x-ray generating material, and in turn allows bombardment of the x-ray generating material with higher electron density and/or higher energy electrons, leading to greater x-ray brightness. The orientation of the microstructures allows the use of an on-axis collection angle, allowing the accumulation of x-rays from several microstructures to be aligned to appear to have a single origin, also known as zero-angle x-ray radiation.

In an embodiment a radiation window for a radiation detector or a radiation source includes a window element and a first protection film, wherein the first protection film at least partially covers a first main surface of the window element facing away from the detector or the radiation source, wherein the first protection film increases a robustness of the window element, wherein the window element is configured to sustain a pressure difference of at least 1 atm, and wherein a ratio between a Young's modulus and an indentation modulus of the window element is between 0.5 and 2.