One or more embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a radiotherapy target device. The radiotherapy target device may include: a target component including a target body and a support supporting the target body; and a housing surrounding the target component. The housing may include a first surface and a second surface allowing radiation beams to pass through.

An X-ray source includes an X-ray tube; a radiation shielding shell enclosing the X-ray tube, the radiation shielding shell including a collimator formed integrally with it, wherein the radiation shielding shell comprises finely dispersed powder, polyester or epoxy resin and hardener; a cooler system providing oil to the X-ray tube; and an oil filled tank supplying the oil to the cooler system. There is a central shielding element shaped as a cylinder inside the radiation shielding shell and one or more end shielding elements around the X-ray tube. The central and end shielding elements are made of lead.

Systems and methods for generating X-ray photons. The methods comprise: generating an electron beam; positioning hollow pedestals in the path of the electron beam (the hollow pedestals being radially spaced apart from each other and extending out and away from a major planar face of a base plate); generating X-ray radiation as a result of an interaction of the electron beam with target element(s) disposed at a distal end of a respective pedestal of the hollow pedestals; causing the X-ray radiation to interact with a beam shield comprising wall elements extending out and away from the major planar face of the base plate; and setting at least one of a beam shape and direction of the X-ray radiation by selectively controlling a location where the electron beam intersects the target element(s) to determine an interaction of the X-ray radiation with the wall elements.

Systems and methods for generating X-ray photons. The methods comprise: generating an electron beam; positioning hollow pedestals in the path of the electron beam (the hollow pedestals being radially spaced apart from each other and extending out and away from a major planar face of a base plate); generating X-ray radiation as a result of an interaction of the electron beam with target element(s) disposed at a distal end of a respective pedestal of the hollow pedestals; causing the X-ray radiation to interact with a beam shield comprising wall elements extending out and away from the major planar face of the base plate; and setting at least one of a beam shape and direction of the X-ray radiation by selectively controlling a location where the electron beam intersects the target element(s) to determine an interaction of the X-ray radiation with the wall elements.

A collimator for an x-ray tube can be a monolithic, integral structure. The collimator can include a proximal-end closest to a cathode and a distal-end farthest from the cathode. The proximal-end can adjoin a vacuum inside of the x-ray tube. The distal-end can adjoin the air. The collimator can include an aperture extending therethrough. An x-ray window can be mounted across the aperture. The aperture can include a collimation-region between the x-ray window and the distal-end, and a drift-region between the x-ray window and the proximal-end. X-rays can be generated inside of the collimator.

X-ray generation apparatus includes X-ray generation tube having insulating tube with first and second opening ends, cathode closing the first opening end and having electron emitting portion, and anode closing the second opening end; electronic component arranged in proximity to the cathode; driving circuit for driving the X-ray generation tube via the electronic component; and accommodating container accommodating the X-ray generation tube, the electronic component, and the driving circuit. The accommodating container has third opening end, and the X-ray generation tube closes the third opening end. The accommodating container defines first space storing at least part of the driving circuit, and second space protruding from the first space and storing the X-ray generation tube and the electronic component.

An X-ray generation apparatus includes: an X-ray generation tube including an insulating tube with a first opening end and a second opening end, a cathode arranged to close the first opening end of the insulating tube and including an electron emitting portion, and an anode arranged to close the second opening end and including a target that generates X-rays when electrons from the electron emitting portion collide; and an accommodating container configured to accommodate the X-ray generation tube, wherein the accommodating container has a third opening end, and the X-ray generation tube is arranged to close the third opening end, the accommodating container is filled with an insulating liquid, an outer surface of the cathode includes a cylindrical side surface and a circular bottom surface, and at least the entire side surface of the outer surface is surrounded by a member.

X-ray generation apparatus includes: X-ray generation tube having insulating tube with first and second opening ends, cathode closing the first opening end of the insulating tube and having electron emitting portion, and anode closing the second opening end and having target; and accommodating container accommodating the X-ray generation tube. The accommodating container has third opening end, and the X-ray generation tube closes the third opening end. The accommodating container is filled with insulating liquid, first member arranged spaced apart from the second opening end contacts at least part of outer surface of the insulating tube, and the first member is sandwiched between the insulating tube and second member arranged spaced apart from the accommodating container.

X-ray generation apparatus includes X-ray generation tube having insulating tube, cathode, and anode having target for generating X-rays; driving circuit for driving the X-ray generation tube; and accommodating container accommodating the X-ray generation tube and the driving circuit. The accommodating container has opening end and the X-ray generation tube closes the opening end. The accommodating container is filled with insulating liquid. The accommodating container has first space storing the driving circuit, and second space protruding from the first space and storing the X-ray generation tube. The accommodating container includes protrusion portion surrounding the second space, and one end of the second space forms the opening end, the entire insulating tube is stored in the second space, and the protrusion portion is made of insulating material.

X-ray generation apparatus includes X-ray generation tube having insulating tube with first and second opening ends, cathode closing the first opening end and having electron emitting portion, and anode closing the second opening end and having target; driving circuit for driving the X-ray generation tube; and accommodating container accommodating the X-ray generation tube and the driving circuit. The accommodating container has third opening end, and the X-ray generation tube closes the third opening end. The accommodating container defines first space storing the driving circuit, and second space protruding from the first space and storing the X-ray generation tube, the accommodating container includes protrusion portion surrounding the second space, and one end of the second space forms the third opening end.